Roney is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Antoine Roney (born 1963), American jazz tenor and soprano saxophonist
- Blake Roney (born 1958), founder and chairman of Nu Skin Enterprises
- J. Albert Roney Jr. (died 1979), American politician and judge
- Leonidas Roney, grandfather of late television and radio writer Andy Rooney
- Marimba Roney (born 1976), Swedish journalist and television host
- Matt Roney (born 1980), Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher
- Michael Roney (born 1954), American businessman
- Paul Hitch Roney (1921–2006), American federal judge
- Peter Roney (1887–1930), professional footballer
- Roney "Giah" Giacometti (born 1974), Brazilian composer, singer, guitar player and producer
- Shanti Roney (born 1970), Swedish actor
- Wallace Roney (1960–2020), American hard bop and post-bop trumpeter