Rother (or Röther) is a surname. It can refer to:
- Anthony Rother (born 1972), German electronic music composer, producer and label owner
- Artur Rother (1885–1972), German opera conductor
- Björn Rother (born 1996), German footballer
- Caitlin Rother (born ?), Canadian-born U.S. author and journalist
- Helene Rother (1908–1999), German-born U.S. automotive and industrial designer
- Jason Rother (1969–1988), United States Marine Corps Lance Corporal whose abandonment caused a scandal
- Joachim Rother (born 1948), German Olympian backstroke swimmer
- Leopold Rother (1894–1978), German architect, urban planner, and educator
- Michael Rother (born 1950), German experimental musician and composer
- Mike Rother (born 1958), U.S. engineer, researcher, teacher, and public speaker
- Sabine Röther (born 1957), East German handball player and Olympic competitor
- Stanley Rother (1935–1981), U.S. Catholic priest, missionary to Guatemala, and murder victim
- Wilfried Rother (born 1990), French footballer