Ruja (Mazanderani: روجا, romanized: Rujā, lit. 'The Red Star of Dawn')[1] is a collection of poems by Nima Yooshij written in the Mazanderani language. Yoshij drew most of these works from local childhood poetry. The public space of some of The Red Star of Dawn's poems is influenced by the time of Nima Yooshij in Yush and its neighboring settlements, where post-constitutional modernity had not yet reached.[2] His main concern was to preserve and revive Mazanderani language.[3] He addresses this concern in his letters, manuscripts, and introduction to The Red Star of Dawn. In the letters he writes to his brother, he asks him to prepare and send him the history of Tabarestan and the divan of Amir Pazvari.[4]
The Red Star of Dawn is written in Do-baytīs. This Do-baytīs is not related to a specific section of Yooshij's life, from the beginning of the poet's youth as he practiced poetry, to the end and peak of Nima's maturity, can be found in these two verses. Much of this Do-baytīs does not relate to the years of adolescence and youth in which he practiced poetry, and does not describe the burning and melting of love; Inspired by the symbols, institutions and coincidental events of the village of Yush, such as: a wedding, a sheep grazing, the birth of a cow... Nima is also mentioned in the biography of Safoura and an Armenian girl, his two failed loves, especially Safoura, whose fountain of poetry erupted and who is also present in Afsaneh.[5][6]
Writing and publication
editYoshij first announced his writing of a collection of poems in the Mazandaran language in 1947 at the Writers' Congress.[7] It took four years to write this work, and according to Ahmad Shamlou, it had become a big part of Yooshij's life.[8] It is very difficult and deadly to recite the poems of The Red Star of Dawn, which were published about thirty to forty years after Nima's death. Apart from the confusion of Yooshij's irregular writing, which he sometimes wrote on a cigarette box with a pencil. The lack of script and language was Tabari's standard, the variety of dialects and the lack of familiarity of collectors with the Kojori dialect, the passage of time and the rupture and erosion and corrosion of writings was problems in collection.[9]
Thirty years after Yoshij's death, The Red Star of Dawn was first published by Sirus Tahabaz and apparently under the supervision of Yoshij's son, Sharagim, which was later denied for a number of reasons, which led to criticism.[10] After that, two other collections of The Red Star of Dawn were published by two Mazandaran researchers. After that, Majid Asadi compiled a part of this collection and published it with a Persian translation, but received many negative reviews.[11] Then Mohammad Azimi worked on the Tabari poems of Nima, who examined the poems in terms of phonetics, semantics and roots.[12] Finally, in 2015, Adel Jahanarai collected and published all 415 Tabari poems by Nima Yoshij.[13]
Notes
edit- ^ علیپور, مصطفی (1384). "معرفی - نقد". شعر (in Persian) (42): 33.
- ^ "نیما یوشیج احیاگر زبان طبری/دستور زبان واپسین دغدغه پدر شعر نو". خبرگزاری مهر | اخبار ایران و جهان | Mehr News Agency (in Persian). 2012-10-11. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^ Shafiei Kadkani, p. 243
- ^ Zia al-Dini, p. 325.
- ^ Tabib Zadeh, p. 78
- ^ "بررسی شعر روجا نیما یوشیج - نقد و بررسی اشعار طبری نیما یوشیج". آبو (in Persian). 2019-09-05. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
- ^ Islamieh, p. 59
- ^ Shamlou, p. 112
- ^ Langeroudi, p. 50
- ^ Azimi, p. 11
- ^ Zia al-Dini, p. 326
- ^ Zia al-Dini, p. 327
- ^ "نیمه فراموش شده یك اسطوره". ایرنا (in Persian). 2018-11-11. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
References
edit- Sociology of Nima Poetry, Ali Zia al-Dini, Negah Publications, 2011. ISBN 9789643515324
- Biography of Nima Yooshij; Where is this dark night?, Mostafa Islamieh, 2013. ISBN 9789644485138
- From the moonlight to the alley, Ahmad Shamlou, 1978.
- A look at Nima Yoshij's poetry: A discussion on how poetic systems originated, Omid Tabib Zadeh, Niloofar Publications, 2010. ISBN 9789644484063
- King of Conquest, Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkani, ed. Milad Azimi, 2010. ISBN 9789643723408
- An Analytic History of Persian Modern Poetry, Langeroodi, Shams. 1998. ISBN 9789643053598