Russell Dinsmore Hunting (May 8, 1864 – February 20, 1943) was an American comic entertainer, pioneer sound recordist, and an influential figure in the early years of the recorded music industry. He was described as "the most popular pre-1900 recording artist".[1]
Biography
editHe was born in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, and began his career as a dramatic actor in the Boston Theatre Company.[2][3] He began his recording career around 1891 recording for the New England Phonograph Company.[4] He became famous for his series of comedy sketches about an Irish character named Michael Casey.[2] The recordings consisted of rapid-fire cross-talk between two characters, with Hunting taking all the parts.[5] From 1892 he recorded the Michael Casey skits for Columbia Records, as well as for other companies, and several of his recordings such as "Michael Casey at the Telephone" and "Michael Casey Taking the Census" (both 1892) became famous. In 1893, Hunting recorded the earliest version of the baseball poem "Casey at the Bat" (Columbia Graphophone Grand, #9649). After that, his popular "Casey" format was often imitated.[5]
In 1896 Hunting founded the first independent magazine for the recording industry, Phonoscope, and set up a phonograph shop in New York with his partner Charles M. Carlson.[1] He also, about this time, recorded a series of indecent recordings, for saloons and amusement arcades on Coney Island, using pseudonyms such as Manly Tempest and Willy Fathand. Hunting was identified by his distinctive voice, and a detective working for Anthony Comstock, the founder of the newly formed New York Society for the Suppression of Vice arrested him for violating obscenity laws. Hunting was found guilty and spent three months in prison.[6] Some of Hunting's lewd recordings were included on the 2007 compilation Actionable Offenses: Indecent Phonograph Recordings from the 1890s.
In 1898, a cylinder record company called Leeds Talk-O-Phone had Hunting record a skit, "Cohen at the Telephone". He was paid $5 per "round", as pantographic duplication yielded about 100 acceptable duplicates of a cylinder. At the end of the fourth round (recording into 4 machines yielded 16 masters) he saw a man carting 24 recordings of his "Cohen at the Telephone" away at the end of the studio. Hunting accused Leeds Talk-O-Phone of attempting to defraud him. The company, according to Hunting, made good upon being threatened with exposure.[7]
Hunting traveled to England in 1898, and became recording director of Edison Bell Records.[1] After the United Kingdom became involved in the Boer War in 1899, he recorded "The Departure of the Troop Ship", with the sounds of "crowds at the quayside, bands playing the troops up the gang-plank, bugles sounding 'All ashore', farewell cries of 'Don’t forget to write', troops singing "Home Sweet Home", which gradually receded in the distance, and the far-away mournful hoot of the steamer whistle." According to Fred Gaisberg, Nellie Melba said that the record influenced her above anything else to make records.[8] While Hunting was in England, James H. White recorded "Casey" material for Edison Records, around 1901. Then, in 1905, John Kaiser became the voice of "Casey" for Edison.[9]
Hunting also recorded skits for Zonophone in Britain. In 1904, Hunting and Louis Sterling formed the Sterling Record Company, which became the Russell Hunting Record Company Ltd., in London. The company produced Sterling cylinder records and Linguaphone language instruction records, but went out of business in 1908. Hunting then joined the Pathé company in Paris as director of recording, traveling the world on the company's behalf, and setting up its US arm before returning to Pathé to take charge of its European recording activities. He also maintained an occasional recording career, recording "The Departure of the First U.S. Troops for France", again with sound effects of bands and crowds, in New York in 1917.[1]
He finally returned to the US in 1940. Hunting died in Westchester County, New York, in 1943 at the age of 78.
References
edit- ^ a b c d Frank Hoffmann (ed.), Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound, Volume 1, CRC Press, 2004, p.511
- ^ a b Whitburn, Joel (1986). Pop Memories 1890-1954: The History of American Popular Music. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research, Inc. pp. 221. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
- ^ Frank W. Hoffmann, Survey of Leading Acoustic Era Recording Artists, Sam Houston State University. Retrieved 18 May 2013
- ^ "A Noted Record Maker". Phonogram. 2 (8–9): 191–192. August–September 1892.
- ^ a b Sound of the Hound, Russell Hunting stories #1 1894: Mephistopheles in red tights haunts Fred Gaisberg, 14 June 2011 Retrieved 21 May 2013
- ^ Sound of the Hound, Russell Hunting stories #2 1896: obscenity, filth, lasciviousness; the record business discovers smut sells!, 15 June 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2013
- ^ Welch, Walter Leslie; Burt, Stenzel; Brodbeck, Leah; Burt, Leah Brodbeck Stenzel (1994). From the Tinfoil to Stereo: The Acoustic Years of the Recording Industry ... - Walter Walter Leslie Welch, Leah Brodbeck Stenzel Burt - Google Boeken. ISBN 9780813013176. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
- ^ Sound of the Hound, Russell Hunting day #4: Patriotic recordings, 17 June 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2013
- ^ "Early Recorded Sounds and Wax Cylinders". Tinfoil.com. 1996-08-31. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
External links
edit- New York Times 1896 arrest article
- Archeophone Records
- Concentric Net
- Cylinder of the Month
- Russell Hunting Company
- Casey at the Bat cylinder recording, from the Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library.
- A few online recordings available here
- The City of London Phonograph and Gramophone Society CLPGS publishes a history and catalogue list of Sterling phonograph cylinders in its Reference Series of books.