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Rut Wermuth-Burak (1 January 1928 – 24 April 2021) was a Polish survivor of the Nazi Holocaust, whose life story was published in Polish as "Spotkałam Ludzi", ("Encounters with the Decent") in 2002,[1] and in English as "Leap for Life" in 2010.[2]
Wermuth, Rut | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1 January 1928 Kołomyja, Stanisławów Voivodeship, Poland |
| Died | 24 April 2021 (aged 93) Lubawka, Poland |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Other names | Burak, Rut |
| Known for | Memoirist, Polish Holocaust Survivor |
| Awards | David Ben Gurion Centenary Grand Prize |
Early life
editRut Wermuth was born on 1 January 1928 in the small town of Kołomyja, Stanislawowskie in eastern Poland. She was born to Jewish parents who ran a delicatessen in the center of the town, and kept a comfortable middle-class household. Rut had two older brothers- Pawel and Israel (nicknamed Salek). Though Rut's formal education was interrupted by the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 and the German invasion of Poland in 1941, the books that her brothers provided inspired a lifelong love of reading, and later influenced her career path.
Fugitive
editIn 1941, when she was just 13 years old, the German occupiers moved the family first to the local ghetto, and then herded them onto a cattle train bound for the death camp of Belzec. Her two brothers had earlier been separated from the family; Pawel had been executed by the Germans in the Szeparowce forest while Salek had fled the German invasion, following the retreating Russians. Rut and her parents managed to escape the death train through a hole in the side of their cattle compartment, but during the course of their escape her father was killed.
Her mother subsequently managed to assume a false identity to get a position as a maid in a local Manor House, but was unable to keep Rut since she had no papers. Rut decided to assume a false identity and go to the last place the Nazis would think of looking for her: to volunteer for work inside Germany.
Rut survived for the rest of the war working in various positions in western Germany; at a shoe factory, in the household of a well connected German, and at the BMW plant in Allach (near Munich). It was at this final assignment that she met her future husband,- another Pole named Witek Burak.
Personal life
editRut struggled with whether to reveal her true identity to the Polish man who had shown kindness to her in Germany. However Witek was very supportive and continued to request her hand in marriage, not disturbed by her Jewish background. After the war they returned to their native Poland and were assigned accommodation in a small town in Lower Silesia. Witek worked as an engineer at a local spinning mill, and after completing her education Rut managed a bookshop. They had two daughters: Kristina and Wiesia.
Rut Wermuth died on 24 April 2021, at the age of 93.[3]
Reunion
editRut found out during the war that her mother had died- possibly from illness but probably because she was discovered by the German occupiers in Poland. After the war, she searched for the only remaining member of her family who might still be alive, her older brother Salek. Her search was complicated by the fact that she did not remember his full name, or birthdate.
Through a series of meetings and correspondence with friends in New York and Israel, she discovered that Salek had also survived the war, and gone on to be a respected journalist and commentator. Like Rut, he had taken an assumed name during the war, Victor Zorza, and had settled in England, where he wrote for The Guardian newspaper, and was famous for having an uncanny understanding of the inner workings of the Kremlin. In 1994 after 53 years apart, they were reunited, first over the telephone, and then as Rut visited Victor in England.
Author
editRut wrote her memoirs, and in September 1999, the Polish version of "Spotkałam ludzi" ("Encounters with the Decent")[1] won the David Ben Gurion Centenary Grand Prize.[4][a] The memoirs were also published in German in 2006, and Rut has spoken to many schoolchildren in Germany and Poland about her experiences.
An English translation of the book under the title "Leap for Life" was published in 2010.[2]
Bibliography
edit- Wermuth, Rut (1998). Spotkałam Ludzi. Media Rodzina. ISBN 83-7278-057-9.
- Wermuth, Rut (2010). Leap for Life. ELSP. ISBN 978-1-906641-19-1.
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Wermuth, Rut (2002). Spotkałam ludzi: historia o tragicznym początku i niezwykłym zakończeniu [Encounters with the Decent]. Poznań: Media Rodzina. ISBN 83-7278-057-9. OCLC 59879449.
- ^ a b Wermuth, Rut (2010). Leap for life: a story of survival and reunion. St Helier, Jersey: ELSP. ISBN 978-1-906641-19-1. OCLC 691105827.
- ^ "Wspomnienia z pierwszych powojennych lat w Lubawce i Kamiennej Górze". Kamiennogórskie Stowarzyszenie Historyczno-Kulturalne on Facebook. 4 August 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
- ^ Wright, Michael (2006). Victor Zorza: a life amid loss. Lancaster, UK: Observatory Publications. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-9544192-1-9. OCLC 84892958.
- ^ "The Story of Rut Wermuth: Remarks of Rut Wermuth, Grand Prize Winner, David Ben-Gurion Polish Jewish Remembrance Competition September 6–10, 1999, Plonsk, Poland". Retrieved 26 July 2010.