The Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) is a 20 item interview-based clinical assessment that evaluates cognitive deficits and the degree to which these deficits impair patients’ day-to-day functioning.[1] It was originally developed in 2001 at the Duke University Medical Center by Dr. Richard Keefe and is licensed through WCG Clinical. The SCoRS is used in clinical trials, academic research, and in clinical settings.
Description
editThe SCoRS assessment collects information generated from three different sources:
- An interview with the patient
- An interview with an informant for the patient (ideally a person who has regular contact with the patient in everyday situations, such as a family member, friend, or social worker)
- A rating based on the clinical judgment of the clinician who administered the scale to the patient and informant.
In addition to the 20 individual items, there is also a global rating assigned by the clinician after both interviews have been completed that draws upon information gained from the patient, informant, and the interviewer’s clinical judgment. Each interview averages 10–15 minutes in length with the patient interview preferably completed prior to the informant interview. Total assessment time for the SCoRS, including scoring, averages 20–30 minutes. The SCoRS requires no additional equipment beyond the paper administration form and is ideally administered in a quiet environment free from distractions. The informant interview can also be administered over the phone if the informant is unable to be physically present at the clinician’s office.[1]
Administration
editThe SCoRS is a 20 item interview-based clinical assessment containing questions about the patient’s ability to manage cognitively demanding, functionally relevant, everyday tasks such as conversations, watching television, and using electronic devices.[2] The items were developed to assess the following cognitive domains:
- Attention
- Memory
- Working Memory
- Language Production
- Reasoning
- Problem Solving
- Motor Skills
- Social Cognition
These areas were chosen because they are often severely impaired in patients with schizophrenia and they are reliably associated with functional outcomes. Two examples of items from the SCoRS are, “Do you have difficulty with remembering names of people you know?” and “Do you have difficulty following a TV show?”.[3] Each item is rated on a 4-point scale ranging from “No Impairment” to “Severe Impairment”. A rating of “Not Applicable” is also possible if a particular question does not apply to an individual patient. In addition to the 20 individual items, there is also a global rating assigned by the clinician after the patient and informant interviews have been completed. For the patient and informant interviews, the global rating reflects the overall impression of the patient’s level of cognitive difficulty across the 20 areas of cognition assessed and is rated on a scale of 1–10. Higher ratings indicate greater degrees of impairment.[4]
Use and Supporting Research
editThe SCoRS is currently being used as a co-primary endpoint in several international phase 2 and phase 3 trials assessing cognitive treatment change in schizophrenia and has been permitted by the FDA for pivotal registration trials. As an interview-based assessment of cognition, the SCoRS meets the criteria established by the FDA National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) panel[5] for co-primary outcome measures for cognitive enhancement trials in schizophrenia.
| Criteria | Supporting Research |
|---|---|
| Strong Test-Retest Reliability | Keefe, Davis, et al, 2014[1] Green et al, 2008[6] |
| Meaningful correlations with cognitive performance | Keefe, Davis, et al, 2014[1] |
| Meaningful correlations with real-world functioning | Keefe, Davis, et al, 2014[1] |
| Practical for experimenters | Green et al, 2008[6] |
| Tolerable for patients | Green et al, 2008[6] |
| Treatment Sensitivity | Harvey et al, 2011;[7] Hilt et al, 2011;[8] Keefe, Davis, et al, 2014;[1] Keefe et al, 2015[9] |
| Strong interrater reliability | Keefe et al, 2006;[3] |
In addition, the cognitive domains assessed by the SCoRS also correspond with the seven cognitive domains identified by experts from an initiative established by the NIMH MATRICS project[10] which strengthens the SCoRS’ attractiveness as a co-primary measure for schizophrenia cognition trials. Data from recent research also suggest that the SCoRS has potential as a clinically relevant measure in a clinical practice setting due to its sensitivity to treatment effects.[1]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Keefe, R.S.; Davis, V.G.; Spagnola, N.B.; Hilt, D.; Dgetluck, N.; Ruse, S.; Patterson, T.L.; Narasimhan, M.; Harvey, P.D. (February 2015). "Reliability, Validity and Treatment Sensitivity of the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale". Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 25 (2): 176–184. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.06.009. PMC 4277931. PMID 25028065.
- ^ Harvey, P. (April 2015). "The clinical utility of lurasidone in schizophrenia: patient considerations". Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 11: 1103–1109. doi:10.2147/NDT.S68417. PMC 4425313. PMID 25995636.
- ^ a b Keefe, R.S.; Poe, M.; Walker, T.M.; Kang, J.W.; Harvey, P.D. (March 2006). "The Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale: an interview-based assessment and its relationship to cognition, real-world functioning, and functional capacity". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 163 (3): 426–432. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.426. PMID 16513863. S2CID 27495774.
- ^ Keefe, Richard S.E.; Davis, Vicki G.; Spagnola, Nathan B.; Hilt, Dana; Dgetluck, Nancy; Ruse, Stacy; Patterson, Thomas L.; Narasimhan, Meera; Harvey, Philip D. (February 2015). "Reliability, Validity and Treatment Sensitivity of the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 25 (2): 176–184. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.06.009. ISSN 0924-977X. PMC 4277931. PMID 25028065.
- ^ Buchanan, R.W.; Davis, M.; Goff, D.; Green, M.F.; Keefe, R.S.; Leon, A.C.; Nuechterlein, K.H.; Laughren, T.; Levin, R.; Stover, E.; Fenton, W.; Marder, S.R. (February 2005). "A summary of the FDA-NIMH-MATRICS workshop on clinical trial design for neurocognitive drugs for schizophrenia". Schizophrenia Bulletin. 31 (1): 5–19. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbi020. PMID 15888422.
- ^ a b c Green, M.; Nuechterlein, K.; Kern, R.; Baade, L.; Fenton, W.; Gold, J.M.; Keefe, R.S.; Mesholam-Gately, R.; Seidman, L.J.; Stover, E.; Marder, S.R. (February 2008). "Functional co-primary measures for clinical trials in schizophrenia: results from the MATRICS Psychometric and Standardization Study". American Journal of Psychiatry. 165 (2): 221–228. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07010089. PMID 18172017.
- ^ Harvey, P.D.; Ogasa, M.; Cucchiaro, J.; Loebel, A.; Keefe, R.S. (April 2011). "Performance and interview-based assessments of cognitive change in a randomized, double-blind comparison of lurasidone vs. ziprasidone". Schizophrenia Research. 127 (1–3): 188–194. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.01.004. PMID 21277745. S2CID 8805912.
- ^ Hilt, D.; Meltzer, H.; Gawry, M.; Ward, S.; Dgetluck, N.; Bhuvaneswaran, C. (February 2008). "EVP-6124, an alpha-7 nicotinic partial agonist, produces positive effects on cognition, clinical function, and negative symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia on stable antipsychotic therapy: abstract accepted for presentation at the 50th Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology". American College of Neuropsychopharmacology. ACNP. Archived from the original on 2016-05-21.
- ^ Keefe, R.S.; Meltzer, H.A.; Dgetluck, N.; Gawryl, M.; Koenig, G.; Moebius, H.J.; Lombardo, I.; Hilt, D.C. (December 2015). "Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Encenicline, an α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist, as a Treatment for Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia". Neuropsychopharmacology. 40 (13): 3053–3060. doi:10.1038/npp.2015.176. PMC 4864641. PMID 26089183.
- ^ Marder, S.R. (March 2006). "The NIMH-MATRICS project for developing cognition-enhancing agents for schizophrenia". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 8 (1): 109–113. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2006.8.1/smarder. PMC 3181758. PMID 16640121.
Other Cognitive Assessment Tools
edit- VRFCAT-Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment Tool