The Stormwater Management And Road Tunnel (SMART Tunnel), E38, is a storm drainage and road structure in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and a major national project in the country. The 9.7 km (6.0 mi) tunnel is the longest stormwater drainage tunnel in Southeast Asia and second longest in Asia.
 | |
|---|---|
| Stormwater Management And Road Tunnel (SMART Tunnel) Terowong Jalan dan Pengurusan Air Banjir (Terowong SMART) | |
 East Kuala Lumpur map with the SMART Tunnel | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Syarikat Mengurus Air Banjir dan Terowong Sdn Bhd (SMART) | |
| Length | 4 km (2.5 mi) |
| Existed | 2003–present |
| History | Construction works started November 2003, and were completed in 2007 |
| Major junctions | |
| North end | Sultan Ismail–Kampung Pandan Link Jalan Tun Razak |
| Sultan Ismail–Kampung Pandan Link Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 1 (Jalan Tun Razak)  East–West Link Expressway Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway East–West Link Expressway East–West Link Expressway | |
| South end | SMART Tunnel toll plaza near Sungai Besi Airport |
| Location | |
| Country | Malaysia |
| Primary destinations | Bukit Bintang Imbi Cheras Petaling Jaya Seremban |
| Highway system | |
 Southbound upper deck of the SMART Tunnel | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Location | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| Status | Operational |
| Route |  SMART Tunnel E38 |
| Start | Jalan Tun Razak on Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 1 |
| End | Sungai Besi Airport on East–West Link Expressway Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway |
| Operation | |
| Work begun | 2003 |
| Constructed | Gamuda Berhad MMC Corporation Berhad |
| Opened | 2007 |
| Owner | Government of Malaysia Malaysian Highway Authority (LLM) Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia (JPS) |
| Operator | Syarikat Mengurus Air Banjir dan Terowong Sdn Bhd (SMART) |
| Toll | Private cars and taxis |
| Technical | |
| Length | 4 km (2.5 mi) |
| No. of lanes | 4, double-decked |
| Operating speed | 60 km/h |
The main objective of this tunnel is to solve the problem of flash floods in Kuala Lumpur and to reduce traffic jams along Jalan Sungai Besi and Loke Yew flyover at Pudu during rush hour. There are two components of this tunnel, the stormwater tunnel and motorway tunnel. It is the longest multi-purpose tunnel in the world.
In 2011, the SMART tunnel received the UN Habitat Scroll of Honour Award for its innovative and unique management of storm water and peak hour traffic.
It begins at Kampung Berembang lake near Klang River at Ampang and ends at Taman Desa lake near Kerayong River at Salak South. The project is led by the government, including Malaysian Highway Authority (Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia, LLM) and the Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia (Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran, JPS) and also a company joint venture pact between Gamuda Berhad and MMC Corporation Berhad (MMC).
Route background
editThe Kilometre Zero of the tunnel is located at Salak Interchange.[citation needed]
History
editIn 2001 the Government sought proposals for a solution that would allow a typical flood of three to six hours' duration to occur without flooding the city centre.[1] A tunnel that would allow floods to bypass the centre was one way of achieving this, providing it was coupled with temporary storage facilities to keep flows downstream of Kuala Lumpur within the capacity of the river channel. A group led by Gamuda engaged SSP, a large Malaysian consultant engineering firm, and Mott MacDonald UK to develop proposals for a tunnel with holding ponds at upstream and downstream ends of the tunnel.[citation needed]
Construction of the tunnel began on 25 November 2003. Two Herrenknecht Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM) from Germany were used, including Tuah on north side and Gemilang on south side. Gusztáv Klados was the senior project manager of the project.[2]
On 11 December 2003, the 13.2-m diameter Mixshield TBM, Tuah, completed a 737-m section after 24 weeks of excavation. By the end of January 2004, Tuah would start a second drive covering a distance of 4.5 km to Kampung Berembang lake. The motorway sections on the SMART system was officially opened at 3:00PM, 14 May 2007, after multiple delays.[3][4]
Meanwhile, the stormwater sections on the SMART system began operations at the end of January 2007.
By 18 July 2010 the SMART system had prevented seven potentially disastrous flash floods in the city centre,[5] having entered its first mode 3 operation only weeks after the opening of the motorway.[6]
As of September 2020, the tunnel had activated its fourth mode for the seventh time. During the flash flood on 10 September 2020, the tunnel diverted three million cubic metres of water.[7][8]
In December 2021, SMART entered Mode 4 for an eighth time, due to the massive flooding caused by heavy rainfall lasting from December 16 to 18. Things would have been much worse in Kuala Lumpur had it not been for the tunnel, which successfully diverted 5 million cubic metres of flood water during the 22 hours it was on full activation.[9]
In 2022, the government was considering the proposal to build another tunnel, briefly known as SMART 2, to cater for high density flood-prone area such as Shah Alam.[10]
Functioning
edit
The first mode, under normal conditions where there is no storm, no flood water will be diverted into the system. When the second mode is activated, flood water is diverted into the bypass tunnel underneath the motorway tunnel. The motorway section is still open to traffic at this stage. When the third mode is in operation, the motorway will be closed to all traffic. After making sure all vehicles have exited the motorway, automated water-tight gates will be opened to allow flood waters to pass through. After the flood has ended, the tunnel is verified and cleaned via pressure-washing, and the motorway will be reopened to traffic within 48 hours of closure.[11]
Technical specifications
edit
Stormwater tunnel
edit- Construction cost: RM1,887 million (US$514.6 million)
- Stormwater tunnel length: 9.7 km (6.0 mi)
- Diameter: 13.2 m (43.3 ft) (outer diameter)
- Tunnelling method: tunnel boring machine (TBM)
- TBM type: slurry shield
Motorway tunnel
edit- Motorway tunnel length: 4 km (2.5 mi)
- Structure type: double deck
- Ingress and egress: 1.5 km (0.93 mi) at Jalan Sultan Ismail and Jalan Imbi
- Length: 1.4 km (0.87 mi) at Jalan Tun Razak
- Links: 1.6 km (0.99 mi) at Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway Links: City Centre near Kg. Pandan Roundabout KL–Seremban Expressway near Sungai Besi Airport
Features
edit
- World's First Dual-Function Tunnel (Stormwater Management & Road)
- Longest tunnel in Malaysia
- 9.7 km (6.03 miles) stormwater by-pass tunnel
- 4 km (2.49 miles) double-deck motorway within stormwater tunnel
- The motorway tunnel is suitable for light vehicles only. Motorcycles and heavy vehicles are not allowed
- Ingress and egress connections to the motorway tunnel linking the southern gateway to the city centre
- Holding basin complete with diversion and tunnel intake structures
- Storage reservoir and a twin-box culvert to release flood discharge
- State-of-the-art operations control room equipped with the latest systems in operations management, surveillance and maintenance of the SMART system.
- Custom-made fire engine units consisting of two modified Toyota Hilux pickup trucks, parked at two different locations for quick access to the tunnel in case of fire on both carriageways.[12]
Tolls
editThe SMART Tunnel utilizes an open toll system. Ever since its operation, all toll transactions at this toll plaza are carried out using Touch 'n Go cards, MyRFIDs or SmartTAGs. Cash payments are not accepted.
Toll rates
edit| Class | Type of vehicles | Rate (in Malaysian ringgit (RM)) |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Private Cars (Vehicles with two axles and three or four wheels and not exceeding 2.4 metres in height) |
3.00 | — |
| 2 | Vans and other small goods vehicles (Vehicles with two axles and three or four wheels and not exceeding 2.4 metres in height) | ||
| 4 | Taxis (Vehicles with two axles and three or four wheels and not exceeding 2.4 metres in height) |
Toll charges are paid by passengers using Touch 'n Go cards only. |
FM radio channels available
edit| Radio | Frequencies |
|---|---|
| Nasional FM | 87.7 MHz |
| BFM 89.9 | 89.9 MHz |
| TraXX FM | 100.1 MHz[13] |
| IKIMfm | 91.5 MHz |
| Hitz | 92.9 MHz |
| Bernama Radio | 93.9 MHz |
| Radio Klasik | 95.3 MHz |
| Fly FM | 95.8 MHz |
| KL FM | 97.2 MHz |
| Hot FM | 97.6 MHz |
| 988 FM | 98.8 MHz |
| Kool 101 | 101.3 MHz |
| Era | 103.3 MHz |
| Suria | 105.3 MHz |
List of interchanges
editThis article contains a bulleted list or table of intersections which should be presented in a properly formatted junction table. (November 2021) |
The entire expressway had its speed limit of 60 km/h.
Legend:
- I/C - interchange, I/S - intersection, RSA - Rest and service area, OBR - overhead bridge restaurant, L/B - layby, V/P - vista point, TN - tunnel, T/P - toll plaza, BR - bridge
From/to E37 East–West Link Expressway
edit| km | Exit | Interchange | To | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMART Tunnel 0 |
East–West Link Expressway East–West Link Expressway Southeast Cheras Northwest Petaling Jaya Shah Alam |
Direction Y junctions | ||
 East–West Link Expressway Kuala Lumpur–Seremban ExpresswayANIH Berhad border limit | ||||
SMART Tunnel  SMART Tunnel(Touch 'n Go and SmartTAG ETC only) SMART border limit | ||||
 SMART Tunnel operation office |
  TnG TAG .jpg){kind=small} Customer Service Centre SMART Tunnel operation office |
South bound on Cheras, Petaling Jaya and Shah Alam stretches only | ||
| SMART toll plaza |
Accepts electronic toll payment (Touch 'n Go and SmartTAG only) | |||
| Motorway Tunnel Dry sections Start/end of tunnel Maximum height 2 m Speed limit 60 km/h | ||||
| From/to Motorway tunnel | ||||
From/to E37 Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway
edit| km | Exit | Interchange | To | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
South East–West Link Expressway Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway East–West Link Expressway Kompleks Sukan Negara Shah Alam Expressway Klang North–South Expressway Southern Route North–South Expressway Southern Route North–South Expressway Central Link  AH2 Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) .jpg){kind=small} North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 Seremban North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 Melaka North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 Johor Bahru |
||||
| East–West Link Expressway Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway ANIH Berhad border limit | ||||
| SMART Tunnel SMART Tunnel (Touch 'n Go and SmartTAG ETC only) SMART border limit | ||||
| SMART Tunnel 0 |
||||
| SMART toll plaza |
Accepts electronic toll payment (Touch 'n Go and SmartTAG only) | |||
| Motorway Tunnel Dry sections Start/end of tunnel Maximum height 2 m Speed limit 60 km/h | ||||
| From/to Motorway tunnel | ||||
Motorway tunnel
edit| km | Exit | Interchange | To | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motorway Tunnel Dry sections Start/end of tunnel Maximum height 2 m Speed limit 60 km/h | ||||
| 3801 | Motorway Tunnel Dry sections Tunnel exit south bound |
3801A SMART Tunnel Operation Office East–West Link Expressway East–West Link Expressway East–West Link Expressway Cheras East–West Link Expressway Petaling Jaya East–West Link Expressway Shah Alam 3801B East–West Link Expressway Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway East–West Link Expressway Kompleks Sukan Negara Shah Alam Expressway Klang North–South Expressway Southern Route North–South Expressway Southern Route North–South Expressway Central Link AH2 Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 Seremban North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 Melaka North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 Johor Bahru |
Tunnel Interchange | |
| Motorway Tunnel Conversion from dry to wet | ||||
| Motorway Tunnel Wet sections |
||||
| Motorway Tunnel Conversion from wet to dry | ||||
| 3802 | Motorway Tunnel Dry sections Tunnel exit north bound |
3802A Sultan Ismail Link Tunnel Jalan Davis Kuala Lumpur Inner Ring Road Jalan Imbi Jalan Sultan Ismail Jalan Bukit Bintang 3802B Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 1 Jalan Tun Razak (Jalan Pekeliling) Kuala Lumpur City Centre (KLCC) Ampang |
Tunnel Interchange Lower floor | |
| Motorway Tunnel Dry sections Start/end of tunnel Maximum height 2 m Speed limit 60 km/h | ||||
| SMART Tunnel SMART Tunnel Start/end of expressway (Touch 'n Go and SmartTAG ETC only) SMART border limit | ||||
| Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 1 DBKL border limit | ||||
| North Kuala Lumpur Middle Ring Road 1 Jalan Tun Razak (Jalan Pekeliling) Kuala Lumpur City Centre (KLCC) Ampang |
||||
Sultan Ismail link tunnel
edit| km | Exit | Interchange | To | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3802 | Sultan Ismail link tunnel Dry sections Tunnel entry south bound |
Motorway Tunnel East–West Link Expressway Cheras East–West Link Expressway Petaling Jaya East–West Link Expressway Kompleks Sukan Negara North–South Expressway Central Link AH2 Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 Seremban North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 Melaka North–South Expressway Southern Route AH2 Johor Bahru |
Tunnel Interchange Upper floor | |
| Motorway Tunnel Dry sections Start/end of tunnel Maximum height 2 m Speed limit 60 km/h | ||||
| SMART Tunnel SMART Tunnel Start/end of expressway (Touch 'n Go and SmartTAG ETC only) SMART border limit | ||||
| Jalan Davis DBKL border limit | ||||
| NorthWest Sultan Ismail–Kampung Pandan Link (Jalan Davis) Kuala Lumpur Inner Ring Road Jalan Imbi Jalan Sultan Ismail Jalan Bukit Bintang |
||||
In popular culture
editThe tunnel was featured in the below series:
- Season 4, Episode 2, of Extreme Engineering, titled "MegaTunnel", on the Discovery Channel.
- An episode of Truly Malaysia on the National Geographic Channel and TV1.
- Season 2, Episode 3, of Man Made Marvels, titled "Kuala Lumpur: Flood Control", on the Science Channel.
- Season 4, Episode 2, of Megastructures on the National Geographic Channel and TV1.
- Season 1, Episode 2 of Build It Bigger on the Science Channel.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "A Dual-Purpose Tunnel, Ingenia 30, March 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
- ^ THE ROLE OF GUSZTÁV KLADOS
- ^ Utusan Malaysia Online - Berita Utama
- ^ Malaysian National News Agency :: BERNAMA Archived 19 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ New Straits Times: Smart tunnel working well
- ^ MegaStructures SMART tunnel episode
- ^ YING, VEENA BABULAL and TEOH PEI (12 September 2020). "KL flash flood: 'Smart Tunnel mitigated situation' | New Straits Times". NST Online. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ "SMART Tunnel reopened to traffic | The Star". www.thestar.com.my. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- ^ "SMART tunnel diverted five million cubic metres of flood water, says environment sec-gen | Malay Mail". 19 December 2021.
- ^ "Finding a SMART solution to floods". The Star. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
- ^ Success of Kuala Lumpur's dual purpose tunnel. ITS International. Online at http://www.itsinternational.com/categories/detection-monitoring-machine-vision/features/success-of-kuala-lumpurs-dual-purpose-tunnel/[full citation needed]
- ^ Custom-Built Fire Engines for SMART Highway Delivered to the Malaysian Fire and Rescue Department Archived 4 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine - from SMART Tunnel official website
- ^ "Radio – SMART Motorway Tunnel".
External links
edit- SMART Tunnel
- Map of the SMART tunnel
- MMC Corporation Berhad
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia
- SMART Tunnel - Mott MacDonald Project Page