The SS Meredith Victory was a United States Merchant Marine Victory ship, a type of cargo freighter built for World War II. Under the leadership of Captain Leonard LaRue, Meredith Victory is credited with the largest humanitarian rescue operation by a single ship,[4] evacuating more than 14,000 refugees in a single trip during the Korean War. The vessel has often been described as the "Ship of Miracles" as it was designed to carry only 12 passengers with a 47-person crew.[5]
 Meredith Victory
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United States | |
| Name | Meredith Victory |
| Builder | CalShip, Los Angeles, California |
| Yard number | V83 |
| Laid down | May 1, 1945 |
| Launched | June 23, 1945 |
| Completed | July 24, 1945 |
| Homeport | Los Angeles |
| Identification | IMO number: 5232593 |
| Honors and awards | Merchant Marine Gallant Ship Citation |
| Fate | Broken up in China, 1993 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Victory |
| Type | VC2-S-AP2 |
| Tonnage | 10,658[1] |
| Displacement | 15200 tons (at 28-foot draft)[2] |
| Length | 455 feet (139 m)[2] |
| Beam | 62 feet (19 m)[2] |
| Draft | 28 feet (7.6 m)[2] |
| Depth of hold | 38 feet (11.5 m)[2] |
| Installed power | 6600shp, 4855 kW |
| Propulsion | 2 steam turbines |
| Speed | 15 to 17 knots (28 to 31 km/h) |
| Capacity | 59 total (35 crew members, 12 officers, and 12 passengers)[1] |
| Armament |
|
| Notes | [3] |
History
editThe SS Meredith Victory was named after Meredith College, a small women's college in North Carolina.[6] The ship was built to transport supplies and equipment overseas during World War II. During that war, it was operated by American President Lines. In 1950, it was laid up at Olympia, Washington, as part of the National Defense Reserve Fleet. The ship was then deployed in the Korean War.
In December 1950, United Nations Command (UNC) troops were executing a tactical withdrawal from the Chosin Reservoir against the People's Volunteer Army (PVA) and Korean People's Army forces. Over 100,000 UNC soldiers were to evacuate the city of Hungnam on 193 ships bound for the southern port of Pusan. News of the evacuation spread, and nearly an equal number of civilians also gathered at the port, hoping to board as well.
On December 20, After arrival Heungnam port, U.S. army colonels went on board and explained the current grave situation and proposed rescue of refugees. Captain Leonard LaRue decided to evacuate as many refugees as possible. Boarding went on from the afternoon of December 22 until the next morning.[7] Using booms and makeshift elevators, the crew filled the five cargo holds and the entire main deck. Although the ship was built to accommodate only 12 passengers, besides the crew and staff, more than 14,000 Korean civilians were crammed aboard. Meredith Victory departed shortly after 11 am on December 23 for Pusan, about 450 nautical miles (830 km; 520 mi) away,[8] as bombardment from UNC ships and explosives destroyed the port to deny its use to the enemy. The ship had no escort or means of self-defense.[8]
Years later, LaRue would reflect on that trip:[9]
I think often of that voyage. I think of how such a small vessel was able to hold so many persons and surmount endless perils without harm to a soul. And, as I think, the clear, unmistakable message comes to me that on that Christmastide, in the bleak and bitter waters off the shores of Korea, God's own hand was at the helm of my ship.
Despite the fact that the refugees were "packed like sardines in a can" and most had to remain standing up, shoulder-to-shoulder, in freezing weather conditions during the entire voyage, there were no injuries or casualties on board. There was very little food or water, and the people were virtually unable to move. J. Robert Lunney, Staff Officer on the ship and a navy veteran of World War II, stated:
There's no explanation for why the Korean people, as stoic as they are, were able to stand virtually motionless and in silence. We were impressed by the conduct of the refugees, despite their desperate plight. We were touched by it.
First Mate D.S. Savastio, who only had first aid training, delivered five babies during the three-day passage to safety. The ship arrived in Pusan on Christmas Eve, but no one was allowed off except a few wounded and those identified as communist sympathizers.[8] Meredith Victory had to travel another 50 miles (80 km) to Geoje Island before it could debark its passengers on December 26.[8]
Among the passengers were the parents of Moon Jae-in, the 12th (19th election) president of South Korea. He was born on Geoje Island two years after the evacuation.[10]
Captain LaRue remained in command until the ship was decommissioned in 1952.[7] He left the sea and became a Benedictine monk of Newtown Abbey, New Jersey. On March 25, 2019, Bishop Arthur Serratelli, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Paterson opened the canonization cause for LaRue, known as Brother Marinus, OSB.[11]
After the Korean War, the ship sat in the harbor of Bremerton, Washington, as part of the "mothball fleet" until it was put back in service in 1966 for some missions during the Vietnam War, for which she was converted to a troop ship.
In 1973, the ship was laid up in Suisun Bay. In 1993, it was towed to China and scrapped.[12]
Awards and distinctions
edit
After the war, the South Korean government honored the Captain Leonard LaRue with the Gold Star Eulji - Order of Military Merit (1955)[13] and ship's all crews with the Presidential Citation (1958).[14][8]
On August 24, 1960, the United States Merchant Marine awarded the ship's all crew the Merchant Marine Meritorious Service Medal, its highest honor.[15] and the SS Meredith Victory was conferred the title of "Gallant Ship" by a special act of the U.S. Congress that was signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.[1]
The Department of Transportation declared it "the greatest rescue in the history of mankind". Guinness World Records has described it as "the largest evacuation from land by a single ship".[16]
Depictions
editThe documentary film Ship of Miracles, describes the events of the rescue.[17][18]
The SS Meredith Victory is featured prominently in the 2012 historical novel Hope in Hungnam.[19]
The drama film Ode to My Father begins with the Hungnam evacuation in 1950 and shows the evacuation process by the ship in detail.
The evacuation and the SS Meredith Victory play a part in the finale of the TV series Timeless (episode "The Miracle of Christmas - Part 1").
See also
editCitations
edit- ^ a b c ""The Greatest Rescue Mission Operation by a Single Ship in the History of Mankind": S.S. Meredith Victory". moore-mccormack.com.
- ^ a b c d e Culver, John A. (February 1977). "A time for Victories". United States Naval Institute Proceedings: 50–56.
- ^ Babcock & Wilcox (April 1944). "Victory Ships". Marine Engineering and Shipping Review.
- ^ http://www.usmma.edu/about/news/feature.asp?StoryID=344 [dead link]
- ^ "msc.navy.mil, Ship of Miracles". Archived from the original on 2017-01-10. Retrieved 2017-01-09.
- ^ ""Ship of Miracles" documentary film by RJ McHatton".
- ^ a b Dan van der Vat (December 19, 2001). "Obituaries: Brother Marinus". The Guardian.
- ^ a b c d e Fohn, Rosanne (November–December 2002). "Voyage of Mercy: Merchant mariners rescue 1400 Korean refugees facing death". USAA Magazine.
- ^ "A Miracle". koreamonitor.net. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23.
- ^ Forney, Ned (May 9, 2017). "Moon Jae-in: From Geoje to Cheong Wa Dae". The Korea Times.
- ^ "Bishop of Paterson, New Jersey (USA) Opens Sainthod Cause of Brother Marinus LaRue OSB". 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-08-16. Retrieved 2019-08-16.
- ^ "Victory Ships - M". mariners-1.co.uk.
- ^ 華府(화부)서乙支勳章授與(을지훈장수여) 興南撤收(흥남철수)에有功船長(유공선장)
- ^ 6·25 한국전쟁과 흥남철수작전의 메시지: 생명의 항해
- ^ Jennifer Goldblatt (January 11, 2004). "A Tale of Salvation". The New York Times.
- ^ "Largest evacuation from land by a single ship". Guinness World Records. 25 December 1950. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
- ^ Ship of Miracles at IMDb
- ^ ""Ship of Miracles" documentary film by RJ McHatton". shipofmiracles.com (official documentary site).
- ^ Watts 2012
References
edit- Watts, David Watts (2012). Hope in Hungnam. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 9781434829665.