St. James Parish (French: Paroisse de Saint-Jacques) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The parish seat is Convent.[1] The parish was created in 1807.[2] St. James Parish is a part of the New Orleans–Metairie, Louisiana metropolitan statistical area, sitting between New Orleans and Baton Rouge on the Mississippi River. According to the 2020 United States census, the population was 20,192.[3]
St. James Parish | |
|---|---|
 Oak Alley Plantation Mansion. | |
 Seal | |
 Location within the U.S. state of Louisiana | |
 Louisiana's location within the U.S. | |
| Coordinates: 30°02′N 90°48′W / 30.03°N 90.8°W | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Louisiana |
| Founded | March 31, 1807 |
| Named for | St. James |
| Seat | Convent |
| Largest town | Lutcher |
| Area | |
| • Total | 258 sq mi (670 km2) |
| • Land | 242 sq mi (630 km2) |
| • Water | 16 sq mi (40 km2) 6.4% |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 20,192 |
| • Density | 78/sq mi (30/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional district | 2nd |
| Website | www |
History
editSt. James is one of the state's nineteen original parishes, created by act of the territorial legislature, March 31, 1807. The original seat of government was the community of St. James, on the west bank of the Mississippi, but this was moved in 1869 to what is now Convent, on the east bank.
St. James Parish is part of the Acadian Coast. While it is possible that some Acadians did arrive prior to 1755 or between 1755 and 1764, the first documented group of Acadians [4 families: 20 individuals] arrived in New Orleans in February 1764. The arrival was documented in a letter dated April 6, 1764, from Governor D'Abbadie to his superior in France. They were settled along the Mississippi River in present-day St. James.
St. James is known for its tradition, Bonfires on the Levee, which takes place every Christmas Eve. Residents build large bonfires along the River levee, lighting them all at nightfall. The townsfolk tell the children that the purpose of this tradition is so Papa Noel can easily see his way down the Mississippi as he is delivering gifts.
St. James is the only cultivation site in the world for Perique tobacco, introduced by an Acadian exile, Pierre Chenet, whose nickname was "Perique." It has been produced by his descendants for nearly two centuries (now covering only a 300-acre (1.2 km2) tract) and is in great demand by large tobacco companies.
Geography
editAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau, the parish has a total area of 258 square miles (670 km2), of which 242 square miles (630 km2) is land and 16 square miles (41 km2) (6.4%) is water.[4] It is the fourth-smallest parish in Louisiana by land area and second-smallest by total area.
Major highways
edit
Interstate 10
U.S. Highway 61
Louisiana Highway 18
Louisiana Highway 20
Louisiana Highway 44
Louisiana Highway 70 (Sunshine Bridge across Mississippi River)
Louisiana Highway 3127
Louisiana Highway 3213 (Gramercy Bridge across Mississippi River)
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Adjacent parishes
edit- Ascension Parish (north)
- St. John the Baptist Parish (east)
- Lafourche Parish (south)
- Assumption Parish (west)
Communities
editTowns
editCensus-designated places
editOther unincorporated community
editDemographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1820 | 5,660 | — | |
| 1830 | 7,146 | 26.3% | |
| 1840 | 8,548 | 19.6% | |
| 1850 | 11,098 | 29.8% | |
| 1860 | 11,499 | 3.6% | |
| 1870 | 10,152 | −11.7% | |
| 1880 | 14,714 | 44.9% | |
| 1890 | 15,715 | 6.8% | |
| 1900 | 20,197 | 28.5% | |
| 1910 | 23,009 | 13.9% | |
| 1920 | 21,228 | −7.7% | |
| 1930 | 15,338 | −27.7% | |
| 1940 | 16,596 | 8.2% | |
| 1950 | 15,334 | −7.6% | |
| 1960 | 18,369 | 19.8% | |
| 1970 | 19,733 | 7.4% | |
| 1980 | 21,495 | 8.9% | |
| 1990 | 20,879 | −2.9% | |
| 2000 | 21,216 | 1.6% | |
| 2010 | 22,102 | 4.2% | |
| 2020 | 20,192 | −8.6% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[5] 1790-1960[6] 1900-1990[7] 1990-2000[8] 2010-2013[9] | |||
| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[10] | Pop 2010[11] | Pop 2020[12] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 10,538 | 10,478 | 9,917 | 49.67% | 47.41% | 49.11% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 10,444 | 11,145 | 9,486 | 49.23% | 50.43% | 46.98% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 19 | 43 | 28 | 0.09% | 0.19% | 0.14% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 10 | 29 | 28 | 0.05% | 0.13% | 0.14% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0.00% | 0.01% | 0.00% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 3 | 13 | 28 | 0.01% | 0.06% | 0.14% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 72 | 135 | 362 | 0.34% | 0.61% | 1.79% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 130 | 256 | 343 | 0.61% | 1.16% | 1.70% |
| Total | 21,216 | 22,102 | 20,192 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 20,192 people, 7,719 households, and 5,732 families residing in the parish.[13] Its racial and ethnic makeup in 2020 was 49.11% non-Hispanic white, 46.98% Black and African American, 0.145 Native American, 0.14% Asian, 1.93% other or mixed race, and 1.7% Hispanic or Latin American of any race. In 2019, the racial and ethnic makeup was 48.2% non-Hispanic white, 49.6% Black and African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.4% two or more races, and 1.7% Hispanic or Latin American of any race.[14] At the 2010 census, the racial and ethnic composition of the parish was 50.6% Black or African American, 48.0% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.1% Asian, 0.4% of some other race and 0.7% of two or more races. 1.2% were Hispanic or Latin American (of any race). An estimated 15.2% of the parish were of French ancestry at the 2019 census estimates. In 2000, 93.78% of the population spoke only English at home, while 4.97% spoke French or Cajun French .
There were 7,719 households and 8,919 housing units in 2019, and the median household income was $51,603; the median housing value was $158,500 and the median rent was $644.[15] From 2015 to 2019, the parish had a poverty rate of 17.0%. In 2000, the median income for a household in the parish was $35,277, and the median income for a family was $41,751. Males had a median income of $37,487 versus $21,712 for females. The per capita income for the parish was $14,381. 20.70% of the population and 18.00% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 27.70% are under the age of 18 and 15.10% are 65 or older.
According to the Association of Religion Data Archives in 2020, the Roman Catholic Church dominated the parish, with Christianity being the area's predominant religion since colonization.[16] Roman Catholics numbered 19,342 while the National Baptist Convention of the United States of America had 2,180 members. Non/inter-denominational Protestants among the congregationalist, Bible, and United and Uniting churches numbered 1,060.
Economy
editApproximately 85% of reported air pollution in the parish is produced by industries located in primarily Black census districts: Convent and Uncle Sam and the town of St James.[17] These include the Shell Convent Refinery, an Occidental Chemical Factory, American Styrenics, and Mosaic Fertilizer.[17]
Formosa Plastic Group plans to build a $9.4 billion petrochemical plant in the parish.[17] The proposed plant site includes a plantation and the graves of enslaved people.[17] The project has become the focal point of an environmental justice protest because of the expectant rise in pollution and the disrespect of the historic nature of the land involved.[17]
Education
editSt. James Parish Public Schools serves all of St. James Parish.
Politics
editThe current parish president is Peter “Pete” Dufresne (D), who took office at the beginning of 2020. In 2016, his predecessor Timmy Roussel was indicted on corruption charges, when he was accused of having parish employees build a private natural gas line.[18]
St. James Parish has been strongly Democratic for a century. However, Donald Trump performed well during his two campaigns, coming within ten points of carrying the parish in 2016 and within five points in 2020. The last Republican to win a majority of the parish's vote was Warren G. Harding in 1920, when Louisiana's Acadian population revolted against Woodrow Wilson because of his bitter disagreement with French President Georges Clemenceau.[19] Dwight D. Eisenhower won a 17-vote plurality in 1956, and Richard Nixon also won a plurality in his 2,900-plus-county 1972 landslide.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 2020 | 5,954 | 47.29% | 6,510 | 51.71% | 126 | 1.00% |
| 2016 | 5,456 | 45.15% | 6,418 | 53.11% | 211 | 1.75% |
| 2012 | 5,209 | 42.03% | 7,059 | 56.95% | 127 | 1.02% |
| 2008 | 5,432 | 43.23% | 6,994 | 55.67% | 138 | 1.10% |
| 2004 | 4,545 | 40.92% | 6,407 | 57.68% | 156 | 1.40% |
| 2000 | 3,813 | 35.62% | 6,523 | 60.93% | 369 | 3.45% |
| 1996 | 2,832 | 26.36% | 7,247 | 67.46% | 664 | 6.18% |
| 1992 | 3,339 | 29.85% | 6,609 | 59.08% | 1,238 | 11.07% |
| 1988 | 3,799 | 35.44% | 6,707 | 62.57% | 213 | 1.99% |
| 1984 | 4,627 | 43.10% | 5,989 | 55.79% | 119 | 1.11% |
| 1980 | 3,429 | 34.90% | 6,206 | 63.17% | 189 | 1.92% |
| 1976 | 2,751 | 36.85% | 4,531 | 60.69% | 184 | 2.46% |
| 1972 | 3,112 | 49.47% | 2,633 | 41.85% | 546 | 8.68% |
| 1968 | 778 | 11.91% | 2,987 | 45.74% | 2,765 | 42.34% |
| 1964 | 1,467 | 25.82% | 4,214 | 74.18% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 620 | 11.67% | 4,362 | 82.09% | 332 | 6.25% |
| 1956 | 1,849 | 49.19% | 1,832 | 48.74% | 78 | 2.08% |
| 1952 | 1,353 | 38.46% | 2,165 | 61.54% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 453 | 21.40% | 859 | 40.58% | 805 | 38.03% |
| 1944 | 265 | 16.04% | 1,387 | 83.96% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1940 | 506 | 25.70% | 1,463 | 74.30% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1936 | 259 | 14.12% | 1,575 | 85.88% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1932 | 240 | 12.28% | 1,715 | 87.72% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1928 | 128 | 7.93% | 1,486 | 92.07% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 278 | 31.03% | 615 | 68.64% | 3 | 0.33% |
| 1920 | 533 | 60.91% | 342 | 39.09% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1916 | 185 | 25.45% | 520 | 71.53% | 22 | 3.03% |
| 1912 | 228 | 33.58% | 367 | 54.05% | 84 | 12.37% |
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ "St. James Parish, Louisiana". Archived from the original on December 15, 1996. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
- ^ "QuickFacts: St. James Parish, Louisiana". U.S. Census Bureau.
- ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
- ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
- ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
- ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved September 1, 2014.
- ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 26, 2011. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
- ^ "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – St. James Parish, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – St. James Parish, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – St. James Parish, Louisiana". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- ^ "2019 Demographic and Housing Estimates". data.census.gov. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
- ^ "Geography Profile: St. James Parish, Louisiana". data.census.gov. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
- ^ "Maps and data files for 2020 | U.S. Religion Census | Religious Statistics & Demographics". www.usreligioncensus.org. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "The rise of environmental justice". Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
- ^ McKnight, Laura; ‘St. James Parish president indicted on corruption charges: Louisiana Attorney-General’
- ^ Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, p. 211 ISBN 978-0-691-16324-6
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
External links
edit
- St. James Parish government's website
- St. James High School Wildcats
- Explore the History and Culture of Southeastern Louisiana, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
- St. James Paris Sheriff's Office
Geology
- McCulloh, R. P., P. V. Heinrich, and J. Snead, 2003, Ponchatoula 30 x 60 minute geologic quadrangle. Louisiana Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.