The Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Exam is a brief screening assessment used to detect cognitive impairment.[1] It was developed in 2006 at the Saint Louis University School of Medicine Division of Geriatric Medicine, in affiliation with a Veterans' Affairs medical center.[2] The test was initially developed using a veteran population, but has since been adopted as a screening tool for any individual displaying signs of mild cognitive impairment. The intended population typically consists of individuals 60 years and above that display any signs of cognitive deficit.[3] Unlike other widely-used cognitive screens, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the SLUMS is free to access and use by all healthcare professionals.[4]
| Saint Louis University Mental Status Exam | |
|---|---|
| Purpose | detect mild cognitive impairment(veterans) |
Format
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The SLUMS includes 11 questions and is scored on a scale of 1-30.[5] The SLUMS exam requires the individual being tested to perform various tasks,[3] including the following:
- Attention tasks
- Arithmetic calculations
- Memory tasks involving immediate and delayed recall
- Naming animals
- Digit span
- Drawing a clock
- Recognizing shapes and sizes
- Recalling details from a story
The SLUMS exam tests several cognitive domains,[4] as listed below:
- Verbal memory (13 points)
- Attention/concentration (5 points)
- Visuospatial/constructional abilities (5 points)
- Language skills (4 points)
- Orientation (3 points)
Scoring
editThe SLUMS is scored on a scale of 1-30, with higher scores being associated with greater functional ability, and lower scores associated with greater cognitive impairment.[5] Scoring is dependent on an individual's education level, with higher scores expected for individuals who have received a high school education.[3]
For individuals with a high school education:
- A score of 27-30 would be expected for someone with normal cognition
- A score of 21-26 would be expected for someone with mild neurocognitive disorder
- A score of 1-20 would be expected for someone with dementia
For individuals with less than high school education:
- A score of 25-30 would be expected for someone with normal cognition
- A score of 20-24 would be expected for someone with mild neurocognitive disorder
- A score of 1-19 would be expected for someone with dementia
Efficacy
editWhile there is relatively little research on the reliability and validity of the SLUMS exam, available studies suggest that it exhibits high sensitivity (greater than 95%) and specificity (greater than 95%) in differentiating between individuals with normal cognition from those with dementia.[3] However, the SLUMS has been to found to be less effective at differentiating between normal individuals from those with mild cognitive impairment.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Cordell, Cyndy B.; Borson, Soo; Boustani, Malaz; Chodosh, Joshua; Reuben, David; Verghese, Joe; Thies, William; Fried, Leslie B.; Medicare Detection of Cognitive Impairment Workgroup (March 2013). "Alzheimer's Association recommendations for operationalizing the detection of cognitive impairment during the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit in a primary care setting". Alzheimer's & Dementia. 9 (2): 141–150. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2012.09.011. ISSN 1552-5260. PMID 23265826.
- ^ Tariq, Syed H.; Tumosa, Nina; Chibnall, John T.; Perry, Mitchell H.; Morley, John E. (November 2006). "Comparison of the Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination and the Mini-Mental State Examination for Detecting Dementia and Mild Neurocognitive Disorder—A Pilot Study". The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 14 (11): 900–910. doi:10.1097/01.JGP.0000221510.33817.86. PMID 17068312.
- ^ a b c d Kansagara, Devan; Freeman, Michele (2010). A Systematic Evidence Review of the Signs and Symptoms of Dementia and Brief Cognitive Tests Available in VA. VA Evidence-based Synthesis Program Reports. Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs (US). PMID 21155200.
- ^ a b c Spencer, Robert J.; Noyes, Emily T.; Bair, Jessica L.; Ransom, Michael T. (2022-05-27). "Systematic Review of the Psychometric Properties of the Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Examination". Clinical Gerontologist. 45 (3): 454–466. doi:10.1080/07317115.2022.2032523. ISSN 0731-7115. PMID 35107414. S2CID 246473619.
- ^ a b St. Louis University (2006). "VAMC SLUMS Examination" (PDF). St. Louis University. Retrieved 2023-11-29.