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Sainte-Enimie (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃t enimi]; Occitan: Santa Enimia) is a former commune in the Lozère department in southern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Gorges du Tarn Causses.[2] It was founded in the 7th century by Énimie, who started a convent there after being cured of leprosy in the surrounding waters. It was the site of several monasteries, some of which still remain. Located in the Gorges du Tarn, it is a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France association.[3]
Sainte-Enimie | |
|---|---|
Part of Gorges du Tarn Causses | |
 Sainte-Enimie in 2009 | |
.svg) Coat of arms | |
Location of Sainte-Enimie  | |
  Sainte-Enimie  Sainte-Enimie | |
| Coordinates: 44°22′03″N 3°24′43″E / 44.36750°N 3.4119°E | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Occitania |
| Department | Lozère |
| Arrondissement | Florac |
| Canton | La Canourgue |
| Commune | Gorges du Tarn Causses |
Area 1 | 87.34 km2 (33.72 sq mi) |
| Population (2019)[1] | 503 |
| • Density | 5.8/km2 (15/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 48210 |
| Elevation | 444–1,096 m (1,457–3,596 ft) (avg. 480 m or 1,570 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
History
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The town is named after Énimie, who, according to a 13th-century poem by Bertran Carbonel troubadour of Marseille,[4] was a daughter of the Merovingian king Clothar II.[5] When she reached marriageable age, she did not want to marry, preferring to care for lepers instead. According to Bertran, she asked God to help her avoid marriage; she was then infected with leprosy. Her father wished for her to be cured and had her taken to be bathed in the waters of Gévaudan, to no avail. An attempt at Bagnols-les-Bains was equally unsuccessful, but a river in Burlats near the Tarn miraculously cured her disease. However, when she returned home to marry her noble suitor, she was once again infected with leprosy and returned to Burlats, where she was cured once more. This process was repeated a third time, after which it was decided that she must remain in that area. She briefly lived in a cave before starting a convent and becoming a nun and eventually died there. When her brother Dagobert I came to look for relics buried with her to decorate his Basilica of Saint-Denis, the nuns tricked him, and he ended up finding the relics of Énimie's niece instead.[6][7]
Two monasteries, one male and one female, were built in the area but destroyed by invasions.[8] Stephen, Bishop of Mende, requested that a Benedictine monastery be built there, and it was completed in 951. It became a popular pilgrimage destination due to the miraculous story surrounding its founding.
During the French Revolution in 1798, the monastery was destroyed and the town renamed "Puy Roc"; however, this lasted only a short time.[4][6]
In 1905, a road was built along the Tarn, giving the village greater commercial exposure.[9] Starting in the 1950s, tourism became a major part of Sainte-Enimie's economy. It was recently connected more closely to the rest of France with the construction of the A75 autoroute.[6]
Geography
editSainte-Enimie is located in the Gorges du Tarn in the Lozère department of southern France. It has an area of 87.34 square kilometres (33.72 sq mi).[10] The village is close to other Gévaudan towns including Ispagnac, Chanac, and Quézac, and is 78 kilometres (48 mi) away from Millau.[11]
Adjacent communes
editVillages
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In addition to the village of Sainte-Enimie, several other villages are located on the territory of the commune. They include:
- Boisset
- Castelbouc
- Champerboux
- Hauterives
- Pougnadoires
- Prades
- Saint-Chély-du-Tarn
Landmarks
editSainte-Enimie is a popular tourist destination. All that remains of the original 10th-century abbey, which was mostly destroyed in the French Revolution, is a chapter house and chapel.[3] Other popular sites include the Ecomusée du Vieux Logis, a Romanesque church from the 14th century,[3][12] and the Chapel of Saint Madeleine, which also dates back to the 14th century.[12] Saint-Enimie is located near the Cévennes National Park, 22 kilometres (14 mi) away from the Aven Armand cave.[13]
Population
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1962 | 512 | — |
| 1968 | 436 | −2.64% |
| 1975 | 564 | +3.75% |
| 1982 | 491 | −1.96% |
| 1990 | 473 | −0.47% |
| 1999 | 509 | +0.82% |
| 2007 | 523 | +0.34% |
| 2012 | 522 | −0.04% |
| 2019 | 503 | −0.53% |
| Source: EHESS[10] and INSEE (2007-2019)[14][1] | ||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2019, INSEE
- ^ Arrêté préfectoral 4 July 2016 (in French)
- ^ a b c "Sainte-Enimie". Les Plus Beaux Villages de France. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
- ^ a b "Les villages des Gorges du Tarn" [The villages of the Gorges du Tarn] (in French). Gorges du Tarn. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ None of the contemporary sources mention a daughter by this name.
- ^ a b c "La légende de Sainte-Enimie" [The legend of Sainte-Enimie] (PDF) (in French). Gorges du Tarn. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
- ^ Letcher, Piers (2003). Eccentric France: The Bradt Guide to Mad, Magical and Marvellous France. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-84162-068-8.
- ^ Base Mérimée: PA00103916, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ Berry, Oliver (2009). "Gorges du Tarn". Discover France. Lonely Planet. p. 788. ISBN 978-1-74220-339-3.
- ^ a b Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Sainte-Enimie, EHESS (in French).
- ^ "Sainte Enimie Property Insight". French-Property.com. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
- ^ a b "Sainte Énimie" (in French). Cévennes National Park. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
- ^ "Practical informations". Aven Armand. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
- ^ "Populations légales 2012: Commune de Sainte-Enimie (48146)". INSEE. 27 December 2014.
External links
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- Marie de Saint-Enimie Archived 25 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
- Gorges du Tarn (in French)