Salisbury Beach Military Reservation was a coastal defense site located in Salisbury, Massachusetts.[1][2][3]
| Salisbury Beach Military Reservation | |
|---|---|
| Part of Harbor Defenses of Boston, later Harbor Defenses of Portsmouth | |
| Salisbury, Massachusetts | |
 A 155 mm gun, similar to those at Salisbury Beach, on a Panama mount. | |
  Salisbury Beach Military Reservation Location in Massachusetts | |
| Coordinates | 42°49′35.4″N 70°49′2.8″W / 42.826500°N 70.817444°W |
| Type | Coastal Defense |
| Site information | |
| Owner | Massachusetts |
| Controlled by | Salisbury Beach State Reservation |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1941 |
| Built by | United States Army |
| In use | 1941-1945 |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
History
editThe Salisbury Beach Military Reservation was built on state land in 1941. Its mission was to protect the Merrimack River and Newburyport Harbor from possible air and naval attack. The site had four "Panama mounts" (circular concrete platforms) for four towed 155 mm guns. It never fired its guns in anger, though it did play an important part in the defense of the harbor. It was initially part of the Harbor Defenses of Boston (HD Boston). A handwritten note on the US Army Corps of Engineers' Report of Completed Works indicates it was transferred to the Harbor Defenses of Portsmouth with the construction of a fire control structure supporting Fort Dearborn, which was part of those defenses.[1][2] Battery F of the 9th Coast Artillery Regiment initially garrisoned Salisbury Beach on 2 October 1941, and was redesignated Battery C on 10 October 1941.[4] The gun mounts were 1,500 ft (460 m) north of the Merrimack River's mouth. Construction began on 18 April 1942, and the mountings were transferred to the operating forces on 7 July 1942. Two of the weapons were removed in November 1943.[1]
The fire control structure was designated Location 137B, was designed to resemble a beach house, and was completed in October 1943.[3] It was north of the intersection of Route 1A and the coast road, in front of the line of beach houses. It provided target data to the 16 in (406 mm) guns of Battery Seaman at Fort Dearborn as Base-End Station No. 4. The building had three stories and a cupola on the roof. The cupola was an observation post for the Anti-Aircraft Intelligence Service.[3] The upper floor was the base-end station, the middle floor had a fire control switchboard, and the ground floor's function is unclear; it was possibly barracks space.[1] Other fire control sites for HD Portsmouth in Massachusetts were at Plum Island,[5] Crane Beach,[6] and Halibut Point.[7] The latter two were shared with HD Boston, and only the last remains.[2]
The reservation was returned to the Commonwealth in 1945; the fire control station became a Massachusetts State Police barracks until it was destroyed by a storm on 2 April 1958.[1]
The site today
editToday the site is home to Salisbury Beach State Reservation, a recreational beach. Two of the mounts are sometimes visible after storms; the other two are buried (as of 1978).[1][2]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f Scarpulla, Norm (Winter 2020). "Salisbury Beach Fire Control and Battery". Coast Defense Study Group Newsletter. Mclean, Virginia: CDSG Press.
- ^ a b c d "Massachusetts - Salisbury Beach". American Forts Network. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
- ^ a b c Salisbury Beach Base-End Station and 155 mm Gun Battery at American Forts Network
- ^ Gaines, p. 9
- ^ Plum Island Base-End Station at American Forts Network
- ^ Castle Hill Base-End Station at American Forts Network
- ^ Halibut Point Base-End Station at American Forts Network
- Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2015). American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide (Third ed.). McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-9748167-3-9.
- Gaines, William C., Coast Artillery Organizational History, 1917-1950, Coast Defense Journal, vol. 23, issue 2
- Lewis, Emanuel Raymond (1979). Seacoast Fortifications of the United States. Annapolis: Leeward Publications. ISBN 978-0-929521-11-4.
External links
edit- List of all US coastal forts and batteries at the Coast Defense Study Group, Inc. website
- FortWiki, lists most CONUS and Canadian forts
- Archived site on New Hampshire and Massachusetts fire control towers