Salles des Croisades

The Salles des Croisades ("Hall of Crusades") is a set of rooms located in the north wing of the Palace of Versailles.

The rooms were created in the mid-19th century by King Louis-Philippe for his museum of French history, and opened in 1843, at a time when France was seized with enthusiasm with its historical past, and especially the Crusades period.^[1] The rooms are filled with over 120 paintings related to the Crusades.^[1] King Louis-Philippe included the names of the thousands of family whose ancestors went to the Crusades, encouraging many forgeries at that time.^[2]

First room paintings

Painting Title	Painter	Year Depicted (if applicable)
Philip Augustus takes the banner to Saint-Denis	Pierre Révoil	24 June 1190
Raising the siege of Salerno	Eugène Roger	1016
Battle of Civitella	Adolphe Roger	18 June 1053
Battle of Cerami	Prosper Lafaye	1061
Henry of Burgundy receives the royal investiture of Portugal	Claudes Jacquand	1094
Passage of the Bosphorus	Émile Signol	1096
Emperor Alexis Komnenos receives Peter the Hermit in Constantinople	Gillot Saint-Evre	1096
Adoption of Godfrey of Bouillon by Emperor Alexis I Komnenos	Alexandre Hesse	1097
Battle under the walls of Nicea	Henry Serrur	1097
Baldwin seizes the city of Edessa (Arrival of Baldwin, Count of Flanders, at Edessa)	Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury	1097
The siege of Antioch by the Crusaders	Louis Gallait	3 June 1098
Battle under the walls of Antioch	Henri Frédéric Schopin	28 June 1098
Combat of Harim (Harene)	Oscar Gué	9 February 1098
Siege of Marrah	Henri Decaisne	1098
One-on-one combat of Robert, Duke of Normandy, with a Saracen warrior under the walls of Antioch	Jean-Joseph Dassy	1098
Siege of Albare	Édouard Pingret	September 1098
Siege of Jerusalem	Émile Signol	15 July 1099
Godfrey of Bouillon is chosen as King of Jerusalem	Federico de Madrazo	23 July 1099
Bohemond I, Prince of Antioch	Merry-Joseph Blondel
Roger I, Count of Sicily	Merry-Joseph Blondel
Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse	Merry-Joseph Blondel
Odo I, Duke of Burgundy	Merry-Joseph Blondel
Robert Guiscart, Duke of Apulia and Calabria	Merry-Joseph Blondel

Second room paintings

Painting	Painter	Year Depicted (If applicable)
Godfrey of Bouillion hangs the trophies of Antioch on the Vaults of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre	François Marius Granet	August 1099
Battle of Ascalon	Jean-Victor Schnetz	12 August 1099
Funeral of Godfrey of Bouilion	Édouard Cibot	23 July 1100
Siege (surrender) of Tripoli	Charles-Alexandre Debacq	12 July 1109
Battle of Jaffa	Henry Serrur	27 May 1102
Siege of Beirut	Eugene le Poittevin	13 May 1110
Raymond of Puy takes body of Turks as prisoners	?	1130
Defense (victory) of northern (?) Syria by Raymond of Puy, grand master of the Knights Hospitallers	Édouard Cibot	1130
Preaching the Second Crusade in Vézelay in Burgundy	Émile Signol	31 March 1146
Knights Templars’ chapter held in Paris under the Grand Master, Robert of Burgundy	François Marius Granet	1147
Eleanor of Guyenne takes the cross with the women of the court	Franz Xaver Winterhalter	1147
Louis VII takes the oriflamme to Saint Denis	Jean-Baptiste Mauzaesse	1147
Surprise of the Camp of Nur ad-Din, Sultan of Aleppo	?	1150
Allain Fergent, Duke of Brittany	Édouard Odier
Josselin of Courtenay, Count of Edessa	Édouard Odier
Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem	Édouard Odier
Eustace III, Count of Boulogne	Édouard Odier
Saint Louis the mediator between the English King and his barons	Georges Rouget	23 January 1264

Third room paintings

Painting	Painter	Year Depicted (If Applicable)
Preaching the first crusade to Clermont in Auvergne	Hendrik Scheffer	November 1095
Tancred's Siege of Bethlehem	Pierre Révoil	7 June 1099
Procession of the Crusaders around Jerusalem, the day before the siege of the city, 14 July 1099	Jean-Victor Schnetz	14 July 1099
Godfrey of Boullion holds the first Conference of the kingdom of Jerusalem	Pierre-Jules Jollivet	January 1100
Institution of the Knights Hospitallers	Henri Decaisne	15 February 1113
Siege of Tyre by the crusaders	Alexandre-François Caminade	7 July 1124
Institution of the Knights Templars	François Marius Granet	1123
Pope Eugenius receives the ambassadors of Baldwin III, King of Jerusalem	Hortense Haudebourt-Lescot	1145
Siege of Lisbon by the crusaders	Augustus Desmoulins	24 October 1147
Louis VII defends himself against seven Saracens	Antoine-Félix Boisselier	January 1148
Louis VII, Emperor Conrad, and Baldwin III, deliberate at Ptolemais (Acre) on the conduct of the holy war	Charles-Alexandre Debacq	1191
Siege of Ascalon	Sébastien Cornu	19 August 1153
Battle of Putaha	Éloi Firmin Féron	1159
Combat near Nazareth	?	1 May 1187
Ptolemais (Acre) returns to King Philip Augustus and King Richard the Lionheart	Merry-Joseph Blondel	12 July 1191
Margaret of France, Queen of Hungary, leads the Hungarians to the crusade	Édouard Pingret	1196
Siege of Constantinople by the crusaders	Eugène Delacroix	1204
Siege of Damietta by John of Brienne	Henri Delaborde	5 November 1219
Raising of the siege of Rhodes	Édouard Odier	17 August 1480
Entrance of the Knights Hospitallers into Viterbo	Augustus Debay	1527
The Knights Hospitallers take possession of the island of Malta	René Théodore Berthon	26 October 1530
Raising the siege of Malta	Charles-Philippe Larivière	September 1565
Pierre of Aubusson, master of the Knights Hospitallers	Édouard Odier
John, Lord of Joinville	Merry-Joseph Blondel
Charles of France, Count of Anjou	Henri Decaisne
Phillip of Villiers of l'Isle-adam, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers	Gillot Saint-Evre
Jacques de Molay, Grand Master of the Knights Templars	Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval
Louis IX, King of France	Émile Signol
Robert of France, Count of Artois	Henri Decaisne
Alphonse of France, Count of Pointers	Henri Decaisne
Richard the Lionheart, King of England	Merry-Joseph Blondel
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux	Leon de Lestang-Parade
Philip Augustus, King of France	Emile Signol
Albéric Clément, Marshal of May	Henri Decaisne
Foulques de Villaret, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers	Eugène Goyet	1305-1319
Raymond of Puy, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller	Alexandre Laemlein
Louis VII, King of France	Émile Signol
Henry I, Count of Champagne	Henri Decaisne
Hugh of Payens, Grand Master of the Knights Templars	Henri Lehmann
Baldwin I, King of Jerusalem	Merry-Joseph Blondel
Godfrey of Bouillon	?
Robert II of Flanders, the Jerusalemite	Henri Decaisne
Robert III Curthose of Normandy	Henri Decaisne
Tancred, prince of Tiberias	Merry-Joseph Blondel
Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa between the Spanish and the Moors	Horace Vernet	16 July 1212
Peter the Hermit	Léon de Lestang-Parade
Hugh of France, Count of Vermandois	Henri Decaisne
Adhemar of Monteil, Bishop of Puy	Merry-Joseph Blondel
John Parisot of La Valette, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitallers	Charles-Philippe Larivière

Fourth room paintings

Painting	Painter	Year Depicted (If Applicable)
Reception of John of Brienne in Ptolemais	?	13 September 1210
Landing of Saint Louis in Egypt	Georges Rouget	5 June 1249
Saint Louis receives the patriarch of Jerusalem in Damietta	Oscar Gué	1249
Gaucher of Châtillon defends the only entrance of a street in the neighborhood of Munyat Abû Abdallah	Karl Girardet	6 April 1250
William of Clermont defends Ptolemais	Dominique Papety	May 1291
Siege of Rhodes by the Knights Hospitallers	Éloi Firmin Féron	13 August 1310
Defense of Rhodes against the Ottoman Sultan	Gustaf Wappers	1315
Naval battle won by the Knights Hospitallers; siege of the island of Escopia by the Ottoman Turks	Augustus Mayer	1323
Siege of Smyrna by the Knights of Rhodes	Charles-Alexandre Debacq	28 October 1344
Naval battle won by the Knights Hospitallers; siege of the island of Escopia over the Ottoman Turks	Eugène Lepoittevin	1347
The Knights Hospitallers reestablish religion in Armenia	Henri Delaborde	1347
Siege of the Citadel of Jaffa	Édouard Girardet	31 July 1191
The Marshal of Boucicault defends Constantinople against the sultan Bajezet	Jean-Pierre Granger	1402
Chapter of the Knights Hospitaller, convened at Rhodes by the Grand Master Fabrizio del Carretto to deliberate over the defense of the island against the Turks	Claudius Jacquand	1514
Boucicault, known as John of Meingre, Marshal of France	Alexandre Laemlein
Philip III, called the Adventurous, King of France	Alexandre Laemlein
John Bonpar of Lastic, Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of Rhodes	Alexandre Genet

Fifth room paintings

Painting	Painter	Year Depicted (If Applicable)
Battle of Ascalon (Battle of Mongisard, near Ascalon)	Philip larivière	25 November 1177
Interview of Philip Augustus and Henry II at Gisors	Gillot Saint-Evre	21 January 1188
Battle of Arsuf 1191	Éloi Firmin Féron	7 September 1191
Defeat of Malek-Adel between Tyre and Sidon	?	1197
Siege of Beirut by Amaury II	Alexandre Hesse	24 October 1197
Baldwin, Count of Flanders, crowned Emperor of Constantinople	Louis Gallait	6 May 1204
The Assembly of crusaders in the church of Saint Mark (Geoffrey of Villehardouin asks Venice for vessels to transport the Crusaders to Palestine)	Charles-Caïus Renoux	1201
Boniface of Montfort chosen as leader of the Fourth Crusade	Pierre-Antoine Labouchère	1201
Andrew, King of Hungary, becomes an associate of the Knights Hospitallers		1208
Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem	François-Édouard Picot
John of Brienne, Emperor of Constantinople	François-Édouard Picot
Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem	François-Édouard Picot
Baldwin I, Emperor of Constantinople	François-Édouard Picot
Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor	François-Édouard Picot