Samuel Emery Chamberlain (November 27, 1829 – November 10, 1908) was an American soldier, painter, and author who traveled throughout the American Southwest and Mexico during the mid-19th century.
Samuel Chamberlain | |
|---|---|
 Brig. Gen. Samuel Chamberlain | |
| Birth name | Samuel Emery Chamberlain |
| Nickname(s) | Peloncillo Jack |
| Born | November 27, 1829 Center Harbor, New Hampshire |
| Died | November 10, 1908 (aged 78) Worcester, Massachusetts |
| Allegiance | United States of America Union |
| Service | United States Army Union Army |
| Years of service | 1846–1849 1861–1865 |
| Rank |  Colonel Brevet Brigadier General |
| Unit | 2nd Illinois Volunteer Regiment 1st U.S. Dragoons |
| Commands | 1st Massachusetts Cavalry 5th Massachusetts Colored Cavalry |
| Battles / wars | Mexican–American War American Civil War |
| Spouse(s) | Mary Keith |
Early life
editChamberlain was born in Center Harbor, New Hampshire, to Ephraim Chamberlain and Lydia Leonard Chamberlain[1] and soon afterward moved to Boston, Massachusetts, where he spent most of his childhood. In 1844, at age 15, he left home without permission to go to Illinois. Two years later he joined the 2nd Illinois Volunteer Regiment and headed to Texas to participate in the Mexican–American War. In San Antonio, Chamberlain joined the regular army and became part of the 1st U.S. Dragoons. He fought at the Battle of Buena Vista in February 1847 as well as several other operations in Mexico. In 1849, he was declared a deserter and by 1854 he had returned home to Boston to raise a family. He married Mary Keith on July 4, 1855, and they had three children.[2]
By his own account, Chamberlain was also involved in some less savory aspects of the Texas–Mexico border disputes. Most notably, he rode for a time with the infamous Glanton gang under the command of John Glanton, which was contracted by Mexican authorities to track and kill hostile Apaches following the war. The gang became notorious for taking scalps under highly questionable circumstances to claim the bounties, and its members were eventually declared outlaws by the Mexican government. Chamberlain's memoirs regarding this period are the only known primary source attesting to the existence of the Texian known as Judge Holden, Glanton's second-in-command. While Chamberlain and some others escaped, Glanton and a number of his gang were massacred by Yumas near what is now Yuma, Arizona, in April 1850.[citation needed] Following the massacre, Chamberlain is said to have traveled to California, where he stayed for three years.[3]: 299
Civil War
editDuring the American Civil War, after being chief of staff to Brigadier General William W. Averell and Lieutenant Colonel of the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment, Chamberlain commanded Camp Parole at Annapolis, Maryland, for a time and also commanded the 5th Massachusetts Colored Cavalry, an all African-American unit, with the rank of colonel. He was wounded on six occasions during the war,[4]: 169 including on March 17, 1863, at Kelly's Ford, Virginia, when a Confederate bullet hit his left cheekbone.[3]: 300 On February 24, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln nominated Chamberlain for the award of the honorary grade of brevet brigadier general, U.S. Volunteers, to rank from February 24, 1865, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the award on March 3.[4]: 742 Chamberlain was mustered out of the U.S. Volunteers on September 16, 1865.[4]: 169
Later life
editAfter the war, Chamberlain served as deputy quartermaster general of Massachusetts and later as warden of state prisons in Charlestown, Massachusetts, and Wethersfield, Connecticut.[3]: 300 [5]: 206 He retired in 1893, living in Barre Plains near Worcester.[3]: 301 Settling in Massachusetts with his family, Chamberlain became well known for his charming paintings, which consist largely of landscapes and battle scenes depicting the Mexican–American War. A large collection, reproduced in a book edited by William Goetzmann, is held at the San Jacinto Museum of History.[6]
Chamberlain also authored and illustrated a harrowing autobiographical account of his travels during the 1840s, especially his service in the Mexican–American War and his adventures with the Glanton gang, entitled My Confession: The Recollections of a Rogue, which he wrote between 1855 and 1861.[3]: 2 Though many of its stories are exaggerated in the romantic literary style popular at the time, research has corroborated most of them as true.[citation needed] Noted for its authentic descriptions of the experiences of the typical American soldier during the Mexican–American War, Chamberlain's account continues to serve as a valuable primary source text for historians studying the war.[7] The account also informed the narrative and characters of author Cormac McCarthy's 1985 novel Blood Meridian;[8]: 1 the novel's protagonist, known only as "the kid", is said to be loosely based on Chamberlain.[citation needed] Life published a version of the text in its July 23,[9] July 30,[10] and August 6, 1956[11] issues.
Chamberlain died on November 10, 1908, in Worcester, Massachusetts, and was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery.[2]
See also
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References
edit- ^ Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988
- ^ a b Goetzmann, William (June 27, 2018) [1 August 1995]. "Chamberlain, Samuel Emery". Texas State Historical Association.
- ^ a b c d e Chamberlain, Samuel E. (1956). My Confession: Recollections of a Rogue (PDF) (1st ed.). New York: Harper & Brothers.
- ^ a b c Eicher, John H.; Eicher, David J. (2001). Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
- ^ Hunt, Roger D.; Brown, Jack R. (1990). Brevet Brigadier Generals in Blue. Gaithersburg, MD: Olde Soldier Books. ISBN 1-56013-002-4.
- ^ Goetzmann, William (1994). Sam Chamberlain's Mexican War: The San Jacinto Museum of History Paintings. Texas State Historical Association. ISBN 978-0-87611-131-4.
- ^ Chamberlain, Samuel E. (1997). Goetzmann, William (ed.). My Confession: Recollections of a Rogue (annotated ed.). Texas State Historical Association. ISBN 978-0-87611-157-4.
- ^ Sepich, John (2008). Notes on Blood Meridian (revised and expanded ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71821-0.
- ^ Chamberlain, Samuel (July 23, 1956). "The Romantic Memoirs". Life Magazine. 41 (4): 68–91.
- ^ Chamberlain, Samuel (July 30, 1956). "Victory at Buena Vista". Life Magazine. 41 (5): 52–74.
- ^ Chamberlain, Samuel (August 6, 1956). "A Lost Love and New Adventure". Life Magazine. 41 (6): 64–83.
Gallery
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Hanging of the San Patricios -
The Great Western as Landlady, a portrait of Sarah A. Bowman -
Sam in his old age, recalling the Mexican War
External links
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- Images of the U.S.-Mexican War — Sam Chamberlain's Mexican War Watercolor Paintings at the Wayback Machine (archived 21 December 2002)
- Letters written by Chamberlain in Life Magazine