Samuel Garbett (1717– 5 December 1803[1]) was a prominent citizen of Birmingham England, during the Industrial Revolution, and a friend of Matthew Boulton. Historian Carl Chinn argues[2] that he:
Samuel Garbett | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1717 |
| Died | 5 December 1803 |
| Resting place | St Philip's, Birmingham |
| Occupation | Industrialist |
| Relatives | Charles Gascoigne (son-in-law) |
stood alongside Boulton as one of the key figures responsible for Birmingham's rapid expansion into one of the world's leading industrial towns.
Garbett's education extended:
[no] further than writing and accounts; but he was a man of great acuteness of genius and extent of understanding.[3]
Garbett was employed by a London merchant named Hollis, as his agent for purchasing goods in Birmingham.[2] In that role, he came:
into notice and rank among his townsmen; and the more he was known, the more he was esteemed.[3]
He married Anne Clay (d. 1772) of Aston in August 1735.[1]
He then made his fortune as a merchant in his own right, before entering partnership with Dr John Roebuck to set up a laboratory in Steelhouse Lane where precious metals were refined and assayed; a manufacturing centre for sulphuric acid in Prestonpans in 1749; and, with William Cadell and John Roebuck, founded the Carron Iron Works, in Scotland, in 1759,[2] in which the two Birmingham men each held a 25% share.[1] He also chaired, from January 1788, a Birmingham committee against the slave trade.[2]
His eldest child and only daughter Mary married Charles Gascoigne in 1759, and in 1765 Gascoigne became a partner in the Carron works, having been manager of Garbett's nearby turpentine factory, Garbett & Co., since 1763.
Garbett was involved in the creation of Birmingham Assay Office in 1773,[2] and was the first chairman of Birmingham's Commercial Committee, forerunner of successive Birmingham Chambers of Commerce,[2] as was a member of the committee that raised funds to create Birmingham General Hospital.[2]
He was declared bankrupt in 1782.[2] Boulton encouraged him to re-establish his business in Birmingham, which he did successfully.[2]
At his death in 1803, his estate was over £12,000, albeit with some creditors not discharged.[2] He was buried at St Philip's Church (later Birmingham's cathedral), where he had been a church warden.[2] Matthew Boulton wrote of him:
I have always found his principles unfailingly just, honourable and liberal.[4]
Throughout his life, Garbett played a prominent part in local politics and affairs, including police proposals and the development of Birmingham's canals.[5] During the Birmingham riots of 1791, it was at his house in Newhall Street that the town and country gentry held their emergency meetings.[6] His political lobbying in general, and correspondence with Shelburne in particular, make him a significant figure in national politics.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b c R. H. Campbell, ‘Garbett, Samuel (1717–1803)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 29 July 2012
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Chinn, Carl (23 January 2010). "Friend of freedom and city's industry". Birmingham Mail. Retrieved 7 November 2023 – via TheFreeLibrary.
- ^ a b Alexander Carlyle, autobiography, cited by Chinn
- ^ M. Boulton to W. Davies, 12 Dec 1803; Matthew Boulton MSS
- ^ John Money, Experience and identity, Birmingham and the West Midlands 1760–1800 (Manchester, 1977).
- ^ TNA HO 42/19/109.
- ^ John Money, op.cit.; John Norris, Shelburne and reform (London, 1963); T M Norris, "Samuel Garbett and the early development of industrial lobbying in Great Britain," The Economic History Review, 10(3) (1958), 450–460.