San Felipe volcanic field (also known as the Santa Ana Mesa field)[2] is a monogenetic volcanic field located just north of the confluence of the Jemez River and the Rio Grande in New Mexico, United States.[4]
| San Felipe volcanic field | |
|---|---|
 Jemez River at the south end of the volcanic field | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,585 to 1,950 meters (5,200 to 6,398 ft)[1] |
| Coordinates | 35°30′N 106°30′W / 35.5°N 106.5°W[1] |
| Geography | |
 | |
| Location | New Mexico, United States |
| Geology | |
| Rock age | 2.5 million years[2] |
| Mountain type | Volcanic field |
| Volcanic arc/belt | Rio Grande Rift[3] |
Description
editThe volcanic field consists of tholeiitic basalt lava flows, most of which were erupted from fissures and vents aligned from north to south. The largest of these fissures built up the San Felipe shield volcano, which has an elevation of 6,434 feet (1,961 m) and rises 800 feet (240 m) above the base of the lava flows. The flows themselves cover an area of about 38 square miles (98 km2), which was fairly flat ground 2.5 million years ago when the eruptions took place. Erosion has since lowered the surrounding terrain and eroded the edges of the field, which now stands as a high mesa, with the basalt cap standing as much as 1,000 feet (300 m) above the Jemez River.[4]
In addition to San Felipe volcano, three other major eruption centers and 66 cinder cones have been identified in the field. The cinder cones are aligned close to north-south faults, which show displacements of up to 350 feet (110 m). The cinder cones are unusual in being eroded nearly flat or even appearing as shallow craters on the flow surfaces. This is attributed to the nearby rivers meandering across the flows after the cinder cones erupted, but before regional uplift raised the field above river level. Some of the cinder cones show ring dikes. Small dikes and plugs are found across the field that are attributed to a late stage of eruption.[4]
Notable Vents
edit| Name | Elevation | Location | Last eruption |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canjilon Hill[5] | 1,615 meters (5,299 ft) | 35°21′40″N 106°32′17″W / 35.361°N 106.538°W | - |
| San Felipe Peak | 1,961 meters (6,434 ft) | 35°28′16″N 106°29′31″W / 35.471°N 106.492°W | 2.5 Mya[4] |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "San Felipe, New Mexico". VolcanoWorld. Archived from the original on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
- ^ a b Crumpler, L.S.; J.C. Aubele (2001). "Volcanoes Of New Mexico: An Abbreviated Guide For Non-Specialists" (PDF). Volcanology in New Mexico. New. Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 18. New Mexico Museum of Natural History: 5–15. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 21, 2007. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
- ^ Geologic Map of the Santa Ana Pueblo Quadrangle, Sandoval County, New Mexico (Map) (Version 1.1 ed.). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2008-09-03.
- ^ a b c d Kelley, Vincent C.; Kudo, A.M. (1978). Volcanoes and related basalts of Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico (PDF). Socorro, N.M.: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. pp. 8–10. ISBN 1-883905-06-0. Retrieved 19 November 2020.
- ^ Wood, Charles A.; Jűrgen Kienle (1993). Volcanoes of North America. Cambridge University Press. pp. 299–300. ISBN 0-521-43811-X.
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