Sandovsky District (Russian: Са́ндовский райо́н) is an administrative[1] and municipal[6] district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with Ustyuzhensky District of Vologda Oblast in the north, Vesyegonsky District in the northeast, Molokovsky District in the southeast, Maksatikhinsky District in the south, Lesnoy District in the west, and with Pestovsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,608 square kilometers (621 sq mi).[2] Its administrative center is the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Sandovo.[1] Population: 6,811 (2010 Census);[3] 9,385 (2002 Census);[9] 12,495 (1989 Soviet census).[10] The population of Sandovo accounts for 51.5% of the district's total population.[3]
Sandovsky District
Сандовский район | |
|---|---|
.png) Flag .png) Coat of arms | |
 Location of Sandovsky District in Tver Oblast | |
| Coordinates: 58°27′N 36°24′E / 58.450°N 36.400°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Tver Oblast[1] |
| Established | 1929 |
| Administrative center | Sandovo[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,608 km2 (621 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 6,811 |
| • Density | 4.2/km2 (11/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 51.5% |
| • Rural | 48.5% |
| Administrative structure | |
| • Administrative divisions | 1 Urban settlements, 4 Rural settlements |
| • Inhabited localities[4] | 1 Urban-type settlements[5], 215 rural localities |
| Municipal structure | |
| • Municipally incorporated as | Sandovsky Municipal District[6] |
| • Municipal divisions[7] | 1 urban settlements, 4 rural settlements |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK [8]) |
| OKTMO ID | 28649000 |
| Website | http://www.sandovoregion.ru/ |
Geography
editThe district lies fully in the basin of the Mologa River. The Mologa itself flows at the western border of the district, separating it from Lesnoy District. Rivers in the north and the west of the district drain directly into the Mologa, whereas rivers in the south and in the center of the district drain into the Melecha, which together with the Mogocha forms the Osen, a right tributary of the Mologa. The source of the Melecha lies within the district. Most of the district is covered by forests.
History
editIn the Medieval times, the territory of the modern district was populated with the Finnish peoples and later it was dependent on the Novgorod Republic. In the end of the 15th century, together with Novgorod, it was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow and was a part of Bezhetsk pyatina, one of five pyatinas Novgorod was administratively divided into. Under Vasily II, some of the lands were given to Stanislaw Melecki, a Polish noble converted to Russian Orthodox church.[2]
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate), but in 1727 it was transferred to Moscow Governorate. In 1775, Tver Viceroyalty was formed from the lands which previously belonged to Moscow and Novgorod Governorates, and in 1776, Vesyegonsky Uyezd was established as a part of Tver Viceroyalty. Vesyegonsk was granted town rights. In 1796, the viceroyalty was transformed into Tver Governorate and Vesyegonsky Uyezd was abolished; the territory was transferred to Bezhetsky Uyezd. In 1803, it was re-established. On April 25, 1921, Vesyegonsky Uyezd was transferred to newly established Rybinsk Governorate. On February 15, 1923, Rybinsk Governorate was abolished and the uyezd was transferred back to Tver Governorate.[11]
On July 12, 1929, the governorates and uyezds were abolished. Sandovsky District, with the administrative center in the selo of Sandovo, was established within Bezhetsk Okrug of Moscow Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[11] In 1932, the administrative center of the district was transferred to the village of Orudovo near Sandovo railway station, which eventually grew up into the settlement of Sandovo.[2] On January 29, 1935, Kalinin Oblast was established and Sandovsky District was transferred to it. In February 1963, during the abortive administrative reform by Nikita Khrushchev, Sandovsky District was merged into Vesyegonsky District, but in January 1965 it was re-established.[11] In 1967, Sandovo was granted urban-type settlement status.[2] In 1990, Kalinin Oblast was renamed Tver Oblast.
Economy
editIndustry
editThe district has enterprises of timber and food industries.[12]
Agriculture
editThe main agricultural specializations in the district are cattle breeding with meat and milk production, as well as flax, vegetables, and potato growing. The agriculture is in deep crisis, with only one mid-size farm being profitable.[13]
Transportation
editA railway connecting Moscow and Mga via Sonkovo and Pestovo crosses the district from southeast to northwest. The major railway station is Sandovo.
Sandovo is connected by road with Krasny Kholm via Molokovo. Gravel roads run to Vesyegonsk and Ustyuzhna. There are also local roads, with bus traffic originating from Sandovo.
Culture and recreation
editThe district contains nineteen cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally eighteen objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[14] The federal monuments include three estates, in the villages of Ladozhskoye, Tukhani, and Yuryevo.
In Sandovo, there is a Bee Museum, which shows materials related to beekeeping, a traditional occupation of local peasants. The museum was opened in 2007.[15]
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 28 249», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 28 249, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^ a b c d e Краткий очерк (in Russian). Администрация Сандовского района. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
- ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Law #34-ZO stipulates that the borders of the administrative divisions of the district match those of the municipal formations the corresponding municipal district is subdivided into. Law #44-ZO contains the list of the municipal formations of Sandovsky Municipal District. The counts of inhabited localities are per OKATO.
- ^ The count of urban-type settlements may include the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.
- ^ a b Law #4-ZO
- ^ Law #44-ZO
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ a b c Справка об изменениях в административно-территориальном делении Тверской губернии - Калининской области (in Russian). Архивы России. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
- ^ Предприятия (in Russian). Администрация Сандовского района. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
- ^ Бабич, Алексей. Губернатор Андрей Шевелев совершил рабочую поездку в Сандовский район. tverlife.ru (in Russian). Tver. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
- ^ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
- ^ Музей Пчелы (in Russian). Россия 10. Retrieved July 15, 2013.
Sources
edit- Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №34-ЗО от 17 апреля 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области», в ред. Закона №66-ЗО от 1 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 18 Закона Тверской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №17 (специальный выпуск), 19 апреля 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #34-ZO of April 17, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast, as amended by the Law #66-ZO of October 1, 2014 On Amending Article 18 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
- Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №4-ЗО от 18 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов», в ред. Закона №65-ЗО от 24 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №3, 21–27 января 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #4-ZO of January 18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law #65-ZO of July 24, 2012 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
- Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №44-ЗО от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Сандовский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №18-ЗО от 28 марта 2013 г. «О преобразовании муниципальных образований Топоровское сельское поселение Сандовского района Тверской области и Старосандовское сельское поселение Сандовского района Тверской области и внесении изменений в Закон Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Сандовский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №10, 11–17 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #44-ZO of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Sandovsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements, as amended by the Law #18-ZO of March 28, 2013 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formations of Toporovskoye Rural Settlement of Sandovsky District of Tver Oblast and Starosandovskoye Rural Settlement of Sandovsky District of Tver Oblast and on Amending the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Which the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Sandovsky District" Comprises and on Granting Them the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).