Santa Maria de Roses is a ruined Benedictine monastery in the municipality of Roses, Alt Empordà comarca, Catalonia, Spain. It is situated within the Ciutadella de Roses, a fortification in the Province of Girona. It is the earliest known example of Lombard architectural style in the country.[1]

Santa Maria de Roses

History

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The origin of this monastery is in a church, Santa Maria de Rodes, belonging to the Monastery of Sant Pere de Rodes. The monastic activity was affected repeatedly by attacks from Saracen pirates. In 960, the monastic community received protection Gausfred I, Count of Ampurias and Roussillon. In 976, it received fishing rights as well as shipwreck rights in local waters and for various goods. A foundation charter dates to 1022.[1] There were several subsidiaries such as Santa Maria de Pedardell and Santa Maria del Camp.

The monastery began to decline in the 15th century. In 1588, because of a plague epidemic, the monastic houses were abandoned and the monastery was looted. In 1592, by papal order, it was joined to the monastery of Santa Maria d'Amer. In 1792, it was abandoned by the monks and in 1793, Napoleon's troops destroyed the building. A restoration occurred in 1966-69.[1]

Architecture

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Door
 
Vault

Constructed in a basilica plan, it has three naves with a transept and three apses. There is a barrel vault in the nave. Lombard decoration of the interior walls is still visible. There is a series of blind arches. They are also remnants of a cloister and some monastic buildings. A restoration project began in the late 20th century.

Abbots

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Number Name Period
1 Llunesi 960?
2 Guifré 976
3 Sunyer 976-995
4 Sunifred 1008
5 Adalbert 1020-1022
6 Ponç 1040
7 Ecard 1046
8 Ramon Hug 1050-1064
9 Deodat 1070-1083
10 Adalbert 1093-1095
11 Bernat 1109-1111
12 Berenguer 1117-1122
13 Bernat 1137-1154
14 Guillem 1157
15 Pere 1157-1167
16 Gaufred 1174
17 Guillem de Fortià 1177-1205
18 Bernat 1211
19 Ramon de Garriga 1211-1214
20 Pere de Narbona 1217-1228
21 Ponç 1228-1229
22 Ramon 1231
23 Ponç 1232-1251
24 Berenguer 1261-1265
25 Ramon 1279-1296
26 Bernat 1296
27 Dalmau de Fortià 1304-1318
28 Jaume de Guixà 1320-1322
29 Dalmau de Tresvalls 1322-1348
30 Francesc Gic 1348-1362
31 Arnau 1369
32 Francesc de Raset 1372
33 Bernat 1373-1381
34 Guillem
35 Bernat de Pontons 1392-1396
36 Bernat Estruc 1401
37 Hug de Reixac 1416-1426
38 Jaume 1428
39 Joan 1444-1448
40 Nicolau Desllor 1472-1512
41 Bernat Desllor 1512-1543
42 Joan Ortells 1545?-1553
43 Joan Caldes 1553-1572

References

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  1. ^ a b c Collins 1998, p. 222.
Bibliography
  • Collins, Roger (1998). Spain: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-285300-4.
  • J. Badia i Homs, L'arquitectura medieval a l'Empordà, 2a ed., 2 vols., Girona, Diputació Provincial de Girona, 1985, vol. II-B, pp. 224–236, 246-247, 253-257 [il.], 605 i 607-612.
  • G. Barraquer i Roviralta, Las casas de religosos en Cataluña durante el primer tercio del siglo XIX, 2 vols., Barcelona, Impr. F. J. Altés, 1906, vol. 1, pp. 72–76.
  • Catalunya Romànica, 27 vols., Barcelona, Enciclopèdia Catalana, 1984-1998, vol. 9.
  • J. M. Marquès i Planagumà, El cartoral de Santa Maria de Roses (segles X-XIII), Barcelona, Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 1986.
  • F. Monsalvatje i Fossas, Los monasterios de la diócesis gerundense: rectificación á los abaciologios publicados por Jaime Villanueva en su Viaje literario á las iglesias de España, dins Noticias históricas, vol. 14, Olot, Impr. J. Bonet, 1904, pp. 53–67.
  • M. Oliva Prat, Arquitectura románica ampurdanesa. Santa María de Roses (Gerona): su obra de restauración, primeros trabajos, Revista de Gerona, 61 (1972) i 63 (1973).
  • Hug Palou i Miquel, El temple de Santa Maria de Roses: noves aportacions als primers documents, Annals de l'Institut d'Estudis Empordanesos, 24 (1991), 31-54.
  • M. Pujol i Hamelink, La vila de Roses (segles XIV-XVI): aproximació a l'urbanisme, la societat i l'economia a partir dels capbreus del monestir de Santa Maria de Roses (1304-1565), Figueres, Brau, 1997.
  • Jaume Villanueva, Viage literario a las iglesias de España, vol. 14, Madrid, Real Academia de la Historia, 1850, pp. 233–239.
  • E. Zaragoza Pascual, Catàleg dels monestirs catalans, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 1997, pp. 195–196.
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42°16′04″N 3°10′13″E / 42.267742°N 3.170253°E / 42.267742; 3.170253