Santa Maria Island (Spanish: Isla Santa María; Portuguese: Ilha de Santa Maria) typically refers to one of the islands in Portugal's Azores Archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean.
It may also refer to:
- Santa María Island, Chile, in the Bío Bío Region of Chile
- Santa Maria Island, a former name of Gaua in the Pacific
- Santa Maria Island, a former name of Floreana Island in the Galápagos Archipelago, Ecuador