Wikipedia

Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute

Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute (STROPI) is a research institute that was set up by the government of Sarawak in 2008, with the stated aim of conducting research on tropical peatland in Sarawak. Its claims which suggest that agriculture practices on peatlands have minimal impact on their roles as carbon sources, are used to justify the development of tropical peatland for agricultural purposes, contrary to the broad scientific consensus on peatlands and its impact on climate change.[3][4][5][6][7][8]

Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute
Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute signage
Established26 June 2008[1]
MissionTo develop scientific, technical knowledge and understanding for the responsible management and conservation of tropical peat & peatland[2]
FocusTropical peatland study[2]
OwnerSarawak state government
Location
Lot 6035, Kuching - Kota Samarahan Expressway
,
Kota Samarahan
,
Sarawak
,
Malaysia
Coordinates1°28′55″N 110°25′31″E / 1.48194°N 110.42528°E / 1.48194; 110.42528
Websitehttp://sarawaktropi.my/

History

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Before setting up the tropical peat research institute, the Sarawak government was concerned with international non-governmental organisations (NGO) lobbying in Europe that calls for an import ban of palm oil coming from tropical peatlands because of the claims that cultivation of oil palms on peatland contributes to global greenhouse gases emissions.[9] Therefore, on 26 June 2008, Sarawak State Legislative Assembly passed a law to establish Tropical Peat Research Laboratory. In 2010, eddy covariance flux towers were set up in three locations in Sarawak namely: Sibu,[10] Maludam National Park,[11] and Lambir Hills National Park.[12] The flux towers are co-managed together with researchers from Hokkaido University and National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan to estimate the net carbon balance from tropical peatlands.[1] In 2012, the flux tower located at Lambir Hills National Park was moved to secondary peat swamp forest in Betong Division.[13] In 2015, the laboratory was moved to a new research complex.[1]

On 7 November 2016, the laboratory was elevated to the newly named “Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute” (STROPI).[1] In 2018, the director for STROPI, Dr Lulie Melling was elected as a member of the executive board of the International Peatland Society (IPS), which is an organisation of individual, corporate and institutional members dedicated to the responsible management and Wise Use of peatlands and peat.[14][15]

In 2019, Sarawak won the bid to host AsiaFlux conference in 2020.[16] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the event was postponed to 2021.[17]

Research

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Between 2019 and 2020, STROPI was involved in two international collaborations on researches that deal with the long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests and the study of interactions between the beneficial and pathogenic funguses in paddy plants.[18]

Controversy

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In September 2016, the first International Peat Congress (IPC) was held in Kuching, Sarawak. During the congress, it was claimed that drainage-based agriculture with soil compaction is able to reduce carbon emission into the atmosphere. However, after the event, 139 international scientists with expertise in peatland science, had later signed a letter disputing the same unsubstantiated claims at the 2016 Congress, by stating that claimed methods to reduce carbon emissions from peatlands, lacked any empirical evidence to prove its claims.[19][20][21]

In a seminal article regarding peatlands' relevance to carbon emissions, which was published in November 2021 by The Washington Post, it was revealed that the 2016 event was an attempt at greenwashing by the government of Sarawak and commercial palm oil advocacy groups, as the relevant international peatland scientists were sidelined (within small basement rooms), in favour of the palm oil industry which were claiming (without any empirical evidence) that Malaysian peatlands had been greatly managed for oil palm.[22][21] Various news organizations from the region (The Jakarta Post and The Borneo Post), were also invited to publish Sarawak state propaganda, which was contrary to scientific consensus regarding peat, misrepresented the abundance of peer-reviewed studies on peatland emissions by international scientific community, and largely consists of pseudoscience or junk science.[20][21] Previous scientific evidence had previously established that as peatland is drained (most commonly due to the plantation of oil palms), it releases a rapid pulse of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases as the once-waterlogged plants’ remains degrade with the sudden exposure to air; emissions then continue for decades, until all the peat is gone.[22][21]

In her written rebuttal to the Post, Lulie Melling, the director of STROPI, engaged in climate change denial by stating that agriculture practices on peatlands have minimal impact on their roles as carbon sources, contrary to the broad scientific consensus of the impact of drying peatland on climate change. She also claimed without peer-reviewed empirical evidence, that other peat scientists, who have studied peat in other parts of the world, don’t understand the unique qualities of the peat in her region.

"It’s like comparing cheesecake with Swiss cheese."

Melling has often advanced scientific skepticism and pseudoskepticism in unusually nationalist or anti-colonialist terms that have little to no bearing on advancing science through the scientific method; she instead promotes the fallacy of begging the question.[21][23][24]

"I was a shock to the nation and our besieged oil palm industry then because I was not from any well-funded research organisation, yet I single handedly, backed by my small laboratory, pioneered and published the ground breaking research work on peat use and GHG emission to rebut the maligned western detractors on the use of peat as arable land. I was also hailed as the pioneer for tropical peatland research in the world. Sarawak had been subjected to negative comments on oil palm plantations on peatlands in the state and there was even a call for a moratorium on the oil palm expansion. TROPI is now in the frontline on behalf of the state to inform the public that agriculture practices on peatlands have minimal impact on their roles as carbon sources. And today, more than 50 percent of the oil palm revenue for the state is from peatlands.

— Dr. Lulie Melling, director of Tropical Peat Research Laboratory (TPRL) Unit in the Chief Minister’s Department of Sarawak, New Sarawak Tribune

As STROPI is unusually under the direct purview of the Chief Minister of Sarawak (instead of the broader state civil service) and was created as a response to the broad scientific consensus against the usage of peatlands for agricultural use (which accelerates the release of carbon dioxide into the air), it is subject to undue influence by the highest political leader of the state and represents a politicization of science, by promoting the interests of the palm oil industry in defiance of scientific consensus, in an effort to manipulate public policy and entrench the existing political structure.[7] STROPI's research activities are funded by the executive branch of state government of Sarawak, which in turn is highly dependent on revenue derived from palm oil grown on peatland within the state, STROPI's findings (that do not possess relevant empirical evidence) are subject to a conflict of interest, whilst publications by STROPI which were not peer-reviewed, are subject to conflicts of interest in academic publishing.[22]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Background". Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Vision, Mission, and research projects". Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  3. ^ "Peatlands and climate change". IUCN. 6 November 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  4. ^ "Peatlands – guidance for climate change mitigation through conservation, rehabilitation and sustainable use". www.fao.org. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  5. ^ Gewin, Virginia (12 February 2020). "How peat could protect the planet". Nature. 578 (7794): 204–208. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00355-3. PMID 32051607.
  6. ^ Loisel, J.; Gallego-Sala, A. V.; Amesbury, M. J.; Magnan, G.; Anshari, G.; Beilman, D. W.; Benavides, J. C.; Blewett, J.; Camill, P.; Charman, D. J.; Chawchai, S. (21 January 2021). "Author Correction: Expert assessment of future vulnerability of the global peatland carbon sink". Nature Climate Change. 11 (4): 362. doi:10.1038/s41558-021-00991-1. ISSN 1758-6798.
  7. ^ a b Schmid-Petri, Hannah (1 December 2017). "Politicization of science: how climate change skeptics use experts and scientific evidence in their online communication". Climatic Change. 145 (3): 523–537. doi:10.1007/s10584-017-2112-z. ISSN 1573-1480. S2CID 67801679.
  8. ^ "Malaysia challenges the world over palm oil on peatland". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  9. ^ Mail, Rintos (8 November 2016). "Research lab now called Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  10. ^ "SBW: Sibu station". Asiaflux. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  11. ^ "MLM:Maludam". Asiaflux. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  12. ^ "LHP:Lambir Hills National Park". Asiaflux. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  13. ^ "Tropical Peatland – A Strong Carbon Sink?". Asiaflux. May 2013. Archived from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  14. ^ Ten, Marilyn (28 October 2018). "Championing the cause of peatland". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 3 March 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  15. ^ "Organisation". International Peatland Society. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  16. ^ "Sarawak to host AsiaFlux next year". The Borneo Post. 9 November 2019. Archived from the original on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  17. ^ "AsiaFlux 2021". Asiaflux2020. 2020. Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  18. ^ "Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute (STROPI)". Nature. Nature. Archived from the original on 13 December 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  19. ^ Wijedasa, Lahiru S.; Jauhiainen, Jyrki; Könönen, Mari; Lampela, Maija; Vasander, Harri; Leblanc, Marie-Claire; Evers, Stephanie; Smith, Thomas E. L.; Yule, Catherine M.; Varkkey, Helena; Lupascu, Massimo (March 2017). "Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences". Global Change Biology. 23 (3): 977–982. Bibcode:2017GCBio..23..977W. doi:10.1111/gcb.13516. hdl:1721.1/110352. PMID 27670948.
  20. ^ a b Bell, Loren (4 October 2016). "139 scientists shoot down 'misleading' reports from Malaysia peat congress". Mongabay. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  21. ^ a b c d e Goldstein, Jenny E (1 April 2016). "Knowing the subterranean: Land grabbing, oil palm, and divergent expertise in Indonesia's peat soil". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space. 48 (4): 754–770. doi:10.1177/0308518X15599787. ISSN 0308-518X. S2CID 146927965.
  22. ^ a b c Mooney, Chris; Eilperin, Juliet; Butler, Desmond; Muyskens, John; Narayanswamy, Anu; Ahmed, Naema (7 November 2021). "Countries' climate pledges built on flawed data, Post investigation finds". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  23. ^ Gower, Barry (14 November 1996). Scientific Method: A Historical and Philosophical Introduction. London: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203046128. ISBN 978-0-203-04612-8.
  24. ^ Palló, Gábor (2012), Ash, Mitchell G.; Surman, Jan (eds.), "Scientific Nationalism: A Historical Approach to Nature in Late Nineteenth-Century Hungary", The Nationalization of Scientific Knowledge in the Habsburg Empire, 1848–1918, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 102–112, doi:10.1057/9781137264978_5, ISBN 978-1-137-26497-8, retrieved 11 November 2021
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