Sarcodon thwaitesii is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It is found in Asia, Europe, and New Zealand, where it fruits on the ground in mixed forest.
| Sarcodon thwaitesii | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Thelephorales |
| Family: | Bankeraceae |
| Genus: | Sarcodon |
| Species: | S. thwaitesii
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| Binomial name | |
| Sarcodon thwaitesii | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Taxonomy
editThe fungus was first described in 1873 by Miles Berkeley and Christopher Edmund Broome as Hydnum thwaitesii, from collections made in Sri Lanka.[2] Paul Christoph Hennings moved it to the now-defunct genus Phaeodon in 1898.[3] Dutch mycologist Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus transferred it to the genus Sarcodon in 1964, noting "To judge from the hyphal structure and the spore characters, this is a true Sarcodon".[4] Gordon Herriot Cunningham's species Hydnum carbonarium,[5] described from New Zealand in 1958, is a synonym of S. thwaitesii.[1]
The specific epithet thwaitesii honors English botanist and entomologist George Henry Kendrick Thwaites, who was superintendent of the botanical gardens at Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
Maas Geesteranus placed S. thwaitesii in the section Virescentes, along with S. atroviridis and S. conchyliatus. In all of these species, the flesh dries to a deep olive green color.[6]
Description
editThe fruit bodies of Sarcodon thwaitesii have flattened, depressed, or rounded caps measuring 2.5–4.5 cm (1.0–1.8 in) in diameter. Initially pale pink in color, they change to pale reddish-brown, and ultimately to blackish-brown. The flesh, roughly the same color as the cap, has a bitter taste. The stipe is centrally attached to the cap, and measure 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in) long by 0.7–1 cm (0.3–0.4 in) at the top. The spines on the cap underside are at first purple or purple brown, drying to blackish brown in age, and measure 2–4 mm. Spores are brown in mass; microscopically, they are roughly spherical, covered with moderate sized growths (tubercules), and measure 6–8 by 6–7 μm.[7]
Habitat and distribution
editSarcodon thwaitesii fruits on the ground in mixed forest. It is found in Asia, Europe, and New Zealand.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b "GSD Species Synonymy: Sarcodon thwaitesii (Berk. & Broome) Maas Geest". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
- ^ Berkeley MJ; Broome CE. (1874). "Enumeration of the fungi of Ceylon. Part II". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 14: 29–141 (see p. 58). doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1873.tb00301.x.
- ^ Engler A; Prantl K. (1900). "Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen : I. Tl., 1. Abt.: Fungi (Eumycetes)" (in German). Leipzig, Germany: Englemann: 149.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Maas Geesteranus RA. (1964). "Notes on Hydnums – II". Persoonia. 3 (2): 155–192 (see pp. 184–185).
- ^ Cunningham GH. (1958). "Hydnaceae of New Zealand. I. – The pileate genera Beenakia, Dentinum, Hericium, Hydnum, Phellodon and Steccherinum". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 85: 585–601.
- ^ Maas Geesteranus RA. (1971). "Hydnaceous fungi of the eastern old world". Verhandelingen Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Afdeling Natuurkunde. 2. 60 (3).
- ^ a b Zhishu B; Zheng G; Taihui L. (1993). The Macrofungus Flora of China's Guangdong Province. New York, New York: Columbia University Press. p. 111.