Saturn Airways (ICAO designator: KS, and Callsign: Saturn) was a US supplemental air carrier, certificated as such by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), the now-defunct Federal agency that, at the time, tightly regulated almost all US air transport. Saturn operated from 1948 until 1976. Originally a Florida company, Saturn moved to Oakland, California in 1967 where its headquarters were located on the grounds of Oakland International Airport.[1]
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| Founded | 1 January 1948 incorporated in Florida as All American Airways | ||||||
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| Ceased operations | 30 November 1976 merged into Trans International Airlines | ||||||
| Operating bases | Oakland, California | ||||||
| Fleet size | see Fleet section | ||||||
| Headquarters | Oakland, California Miami, Florida United States | ||||||
| Key people | Howard J. Korth | ||||||
History
editThe company was initially an irregular air carrier known as All-American Airways based in Miami, unrelated to the local service carrier All-American Airways that became Allegheny Airlines (later US Airways). The company was incorporated in Florida as of January 1, 1948.[2] In 1953, the airline had two C-46 aircraft and had breakeven financial results on $425,714 of revenue, 99% of which was passenger revenue, 87% military revenue.[3] In 1960 the airline changed its name to Saturn Airways[4] and began operating Douglas DC-6s. Larger Douglas DC-7C aircraft were purchased in 1963 from BOAC[5] and were operated on transatlantic passenger charter flights. On 5 November 1965 Saturn acquired AAXICO Airlines, in a merger where the surviving management and ownership was from AAXICO, making it effectively an acquisition by AAXICO.[6][7] In 1967 the airline moved from Miami to Oakland.[8]
In December 1967[9] and January 1968 Saturn took delivery of two Douglas DC-8 Super 61CF jets. This allowed it to operate transcontinental cargo and passenger charter flights, some of which included military flights to South Vietnam. Between 1968 and 1974 it had two DC-8 Series 50 planes in its inventory and added a third Super 61CF in 1972. In May 1972, Universal Airlines, also based at Oakland airport, collapsed. Saturn added nine former Universal Lockheed L-188 Electra aircraft to its fleet, taking over Universal's military transport obligation.[10] Saturn also operated nineteen Lockheed Hercules aircraft.
Saturn specialized in unusual cargo, including the Triple Crown-winning racehorse Secretariat, a limousine for Archbishop Makarios of Cyprus, and satellite communication equipment for the 1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China, the first time a US commercial air freight flight landed in mainland China in over 20 years.[11] Saturn also delivered Rolls-Royce engines to Lockheed for the L-1011 program using Lockheed L-100 Hercules, and had a special CAB certification to do so.[12]
Trans International Airlines merger
editSaturn merged into Trans International Airlines (TIA) on November 30, 1976,[13] making Trans International the largest air cargo operation at the time. A significant motivation in the merger was for Howard J. Korth, CEO and 84% owner of Saturn to step back after over 30 years in the industry. Korth had previously been the 96.5% owner of AAXICO.[6] In approving the TIA merger, the CAB went against the recommendation of its own administrative law judge and its own internal Bureau of Operating Rights, both of which recommended against the merger on competitive grounds. The Board itself, however, saw the two companies as largely complementary. In the year ending September 30, 1974, TIA made 84% of its revenue from passenger travel, whereas Saturn's revenue was 64% air-freight, and, moreover, its only passenger aircraft were currently parked, due to the weak state of the passenger charter market. The CAB saw the combined company as better able to compete against both foreign carriers and US scheduled carriers. The CAB noted Saturn's highest-among-supplementals profits (even above that of TIA, which was almost twice the size of Saturn by revenue), despite being only the fourth largest in revenue.[12] In 1975, TIA's revenues were $123.5mm (over $720mm in 2024 dollars) whereas Saturn's were $65.9mm (over $400mm in 2024 dollars).[14]
Fleet
edit
At the time the merger with AAXICO was being evaluated by the CAB, Saturn had eight Douglas DC-7Cs, six of them leased, two of them owned.[6]
At the time the merger with Trans International was being evaluated by the CAB, Saturn had:[12]
- 11 Lockheed L-100 Hercules
- 9 Lockheed L-188C Electra freighters
- 3 Douglas DC-8-61CF (parked)
Accidents and incidents
edit- May 23, 1974
- Time: 16:55
- Location: near Springfield, Illinois
- Route: Alameda, California to Indianapolis, Indiana
- AC Type: Lockheed L-100-30 Hercules
- Registration: N14ST
- Aboard: 4 (passengers: 1 crew: 3)
- Fatalities: 4 (passengers: 1 crew: 3)
- Ground: 0
Summary: En route the left wing separated from the aircraft. The plane crashed out of control. Undiscovered, preexisting fatigue cracks reduced the strength of the wing to the point it failed as a result of aerodynamic loads caused by turbulence.[15]
- January 31, 1967
- Time: 03:20
- Type: Douglas DC-6A
- Registration: N640NA
- C/N / msn: 45475/973
- Crew: Fatalities: 3 / Occupants: 3
- Total: Fatalities: 3 / Occupants: 3
- Airplane damage: Written off
- Location: San Antonio International Airport, Texas, United States
- Phase: Approach
- Destination: San Antonio-Kelly Air Force Base, Texas, United States
Narrative: The Saturn DC-6 was operating on a cargo flight to Kelly AFB. The crew decided to divert to civilian international airport at San Antonio and commenced the approach. The airplane descended 1100 feet below the glide slope, flew through trees and collided with a cliff.
Probable cause: "Undetermined".[16]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. March 20, 1975. 500.
- ^ "opencorporates.com Florida incorporation record for Saturn Airways". opencorporates.com. opencorporates. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ The Large Irregular Air Carrier Industry in 1953 (Report). Washington, DC: Air Transport Association of America. 15 December 1954. p. B-12. hdl:2027/uc1.c100995252.
- ^ "All-American Airways, Inc., Reissuance of Certificate to Saturn Airways, Inc". Civil Aeronautics Board Reports. 32. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 1299–1304. October 1960 – January 1961. hdl:2027/osu.32435022360416.
- ^ BOAC sells planes in U.S. Western Daily Press, 10 April 1963
- ^ a b c "Saturn-AAXICO Merger Case". Civil Aeronautics Board Reports. 43. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 150–173. July 1965 – January 1966. hdl:2027/osu.32437011658313.
- ^ "Saturn Airways, Control by Korth". Civil Aeronautics Board Reports. 49. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 824–827. August–December 1968. hdl:2027/osu.32437011658016.
- ^ Saturn Arrives In Oakland Sky Oakland Tribune, 22 October 1967
- ^ Giant Jet Delivered To Saturn, Oakland Tribune, 28 December 1967
- ^ "Universal Suspends Operations, Shifts Charters to TIA, Saturn". Aviation Week and Space Technology. 72 (11): 32. 15 May 1972. ISSN 0005-2175.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Saturn Airways Thrives On Industrial Drama, Camden (NJ) Courier-Post, 24 December 1973
- ^ a b c "TIA, Acquisition of Saturn". Civil Aeronautics Board Reports. 70 Part 1. Washington, DC: U.S. General Printing Office: 92–164. March–June 1976. hdl:2027/osu.32437011657950.
- ^ Saturn, TIA Merge, Oakland Tribune, 1 December 1976
- ^ "TIA, Saturn Merger Approved By CAB". Aviation Week and Space Technology. 104 (13): 27. 29 March 1976. ISSN 0005-2175.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ "Aircraft accident Lockheed L-100-30 N14ST Near Springfield, IL". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
- ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-6A N640NA San Antonio International Airport, TX (SAT)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
External links
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