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Sarcodon

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Sarcodon is a genus of fungi in the family Bankeraceae, which is part of the order Thelephorales, known for its almost universal ectomycorrhizal ecology.[1] The genus owes its name to the presence of teeth-like spines on the hymenophore, from ancient Greek; sarco = flesh and odon = tooth. For this reason they are commonly called "tooth fungi", or "Hydnoid fungi".

Sarcodon
Sarcodon imbricatus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Thelephorales
Family: Bankeraceae
Genus: Sarcodon
Quél. ex P.Karst. (1881)
Type species
Sarcodon imbricatus
(L.) P.Karst. (1881)
Species
See text

Description

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Sarcodon species have yellow to brown tinted basidiospores,[2] with lengths in the range of 7.4–9 μm.[3] The basidiomata are often soft and fleshy.[2]

Species

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As of September 2015, Index Fungorum listed 49 valid species of Sarcodon.[4] However, in 2019 Larsson et al. transferred 12 species into the genus Hydnellum.[3] In 2024, Douch et al. transferred Sarcodon carbonarius to the genus Neosarcodon.[5]

Human uses

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Several species within the Sarcodon genus, including S. imbricatus (see figure), are edible. The fungus can be bitter, but that is less apparent in younger specimens. In China, it is a popular edible mushroom and it is used to reduce cholesterol, relax the muscles, and improve blood circulation.[8] Isolates from the genus, called scabronines, may increase nerve growth factor synthesis in vitro.[9]

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sarcodon.
  1. ^ Tedersoo, L.; May, TW.; Smith, ME. (2010). "Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages". Mycorrhiza. 20 (4): 217–263. doi:10.1007/s00572-009-0274-x. PMID 20191371. S2CID 3351967.
  2. ^ a b Geesteranus, Maas RA (1975). Die Terrestrischen Stachelpilze Europas (The Terrestrial Hydnums of Europe). Vol. 1. North-Holland Publishing. pp. 1–127.
  3. ^ a b Larsson; Svantesson; Miscevic; Kõljalg; Larsson (2019). "Reassessment of the generic limits for Hydnellum and Sarcodon (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota)". MycoKeys (54): 31–47. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.54.35386. PMC 6579789. PMID 31231164.
  4. ^ Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 26th August 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 9 September 2015.
  5. ^ Douch, James K.; Vaughan, Luke J.; Cooper, Jerry A.; Holmes, Gareth D.; Robinson, Richard; Stefani, Franck; Idnurm, Alexander; May, Tom W. (29 August 2024). "Taxonomic revision of fleshy species of Hydnellum, Neosarcodon, and Sarcodon (Thelephorales) from Australasia". Mycologia: 1–28. doi:10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211. ISSN 0027-5514.
  6. ^ a b c d Grupe, Arthur C.; Baker, Anthony D.; Uehling, Jessie K.; Smith, Matthew E.; Baroni, Timothy J.; Lodge, D. Jean; Henkel, Terry W. (2015). "Sarcodon in the Neotropics I: new species from Guyana, Puerto Rico and Belize". Mycologia. 107 (3): 591–606. doi:10.3852/14-185. PMID 25661714. S2CID 25900469.
  7. ^ Pérez-De-Gregorio MA; Macau N; Carbó J. (2011). "Sarcodon quercinofibulatum, una nueva especie del género con Hifas Fibulíferas" [Sarcodon quercinofibulatum, a new species of the genus with hyphae with clamp connections] (PDF). Revista Catalana de Micologia (in Spanish). 33: 25–30.
  8. ^ Jang NS. "Method for manufacturing health beverage from 'Sarcodon aspratus'". Retrieved 29 March 2020.
  9. ^ Obara, Y.; Nakahata, N.; Kita, T.; Takaya, Y.; Kobayashi, H.; Hosoi, S.; Kiuchi, F.; Ohta, T.; Oshima, Y.; Ohizumi, Y. (1 April 1999). "Stimulation of neurotrophic factor secretion from 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells by novel diterpenoids, scabronines A and G". European Journal of Pharmacology. 370 (1): 79–84. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00077-1. ISSN 0014-2999. PMID 10323283.
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