The scaled sculpins, Icelus, are a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. Most of the fishes in this genus are found in the northern Pacific Ocean but they also occur in the North Atlantic Ocean.
| Scaled sculpin | |
|---|---|
| |
| Icelus spatula | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Cottidae |
| Subfamily: | Cottinae |
| Genus: | Icelus Krøyer, 1845 |
| Type species | |
| Icelus hamatus Krøyer, 1845[1]
| |
| Species | |
|
See text. | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Taxonomy
editThe scaled sculpin genus, Icelus was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1845 by the Danish zoologist Henrik Nikolai Krøyer when he described Icelus hamatus as a new species from Belsund in Spitsbergen.[1][2] L. hamatus has since been determined to be synonym of Cottus bicornis, which had been described by Johan Reinhardt in 1840 from East Greenland.[2] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies the genus Artediellus within the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae,[3] however, other authors classify the genus within the subfamily Icelinae of the family Psychrolutidae.[1] Previously this genus was classified as the only genus in the family Icelidae which was proposed in 1923 by David Starr Jordan.[4]
Etymology
editThe scaled sculpin genus name, Icelus, is the name of one of the sons of Hypnus, a Greek god of sleep and is a reference to the sluggish movements of many northern sculpin species.[5]
Species
editThe 17 recognised species in this genus are:[6][2]
- Icelus armatus (P. J. Schmidt, 1916)
- Icelus bicornis (J. C. H. Reinhardt, 1840) (twohorn sculpin)
- Icelus canaliculatus C. H. Gilbert, 1896 (blacknose sculpin)
- Icelus cataphractus (Pavlenko, 1910)
- Icelus ecornis Tsutsui & Yabe, 1996
- Icelus euryops Bean, 1890
- Icelus gilberti Taranetz, 1936
- Icelus hypselopterus Fukuzawa, Mori, Matsuzaki & Kai, 2022
- Icelus mandibularis Yabe, 1983
- Icelus ochotensis P. J. Schmidt, 1927
- Icelus perminovi Taranetz, 1936 (scaly-belly sculpin)
- Icelus rastrinoides Taranetz, 1936
- Icelus sekii Tsuruoka, Munehara & Yabe, 2006
- Icelus spatula C. H. Gilbert & Burke, 1912 (spatulate sculpin)
- Icelus spiniger C. H. Gilbert, 1896 (thorny sculpin)
- Icelus stenosomus Andriashev, 1937
- Icelus toyamensis (Matsubara & Iwai, 1951)
- Icelus uncinalis C. H. Gilbert & Burke, 1912
Characteristics
editScaled sculpins are characterised by having a single row of large, spiny plate-like scales underneath the dorsal fins, having spinous tube-like scales on the lateral line, they have scales on the axil of the pectoral fins as well as on the upper part of the eye. They also have a spine or bump on the nuchal bone.[7] These fishes vary in size from the smallest, I. sekii, with a maximum published standard length of 5.3 cm (2.1 in), to the largest, I. cataphractus, which has a maximum published total length of 30 cm (12 in).[6]
Distribution
editScaled sculpins are mainly Pacific species, 16 of the 18 species being found in the North Pacific Ocean, with 2 species, the twohorn sculpin (I. bicornis) and the spatulate sculpin (I. spatula) being found in the Atlantic Ocean, the latter also being found in the Arctic Ocean.[6]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Icelinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
- ^ a b c Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Icelus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
- ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
- ^ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (22 October 2022). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Cottales: Family Cottidae (Sculpins)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Icelus". FishBase. August 2022 version.
- ^ Matthew L. Knope (2013). "Phylogenetics of the marine sculpins (Teleostei: Cottidae) of the North American Pacific Coast". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66: 341–349. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.008.