Wikipedia

Scheduled monuments in Cumbria

There are 1274 scheduled monuments in the county of Cumbria, in North West England.[1] These protected sites date from the Neolithic period and include barrows, stone circles, Roman forts, standing stones, 19th century industrial sites, abbeys, and ruined castles.[2] In the United Kingdom, the scheduling of monuments was first initiated to ensure the preservation of "nationally important" archaeological sites or historic buildings. Protection is given to scheduled monuments under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979.[3]

Notable scheduled monuments in Cumbria

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Image Name Location Date Notes
  Ambleside Roman Fort 54°25′20″N 2°58′08″W / 54.4223°N 2.9688°W / 54.4223; -2.9688 1st century AD The fort was first occupied around 90 AD with the construction of a timber and turf fort. A larger stone fort replaced the timber fort during the reign of Hadrian (117-138 AD) and was probably abandoned 138–161 AD.[4]
  Appleby Castle 54°34′27″N 2°29′20″W / 54.57423°N 2.48878°W / 54.57423; -2.48878 Early 12th century A well-preserved medieval castle with a large quantity of surviving earthwork defenses and standing structures.[5]
  Arnside Tower 54°11′03″N 2°50′01″W / 54.1841°N 2.8335°W / 54.1841; -2.8335 15th century A late medieval tower house. Tower houses were common in the border regions of northern England and southern Scotland. Arnside tower is an excellent example of a Cumbrian peel tower. .[6][7]
  Birdoswald Roman Fort & Hadrian's Wall 54°59′22″N 2°36′08″W / 54.9894°N 2.6023°W / 54.9894; -2.6023 early 2nd century AD The Birdoswald Roman fort and a section of Hadrian's Wall and vallum between the River Irthing and the field boundaries east of milecastle 50.[8]
  Brough Castle 54°31′18″N 2°19′28″W / 54.5218°N 2.3244°W / 54.5218; -2.3244 1092 The monument includes Brough Castle and Brough Roman fort. The surviving castle remains are an excellent example of six centuries of continuous improvements. Substantial earthworks of the Roman fort is partially covered by the castle.[9]
  Brougham Castle 54°39′14″N 2°43′09″W / 54.6540°N 2.7191°W / 54.6540; -2.7191 early 13th century The castle's surviving remains include a great keep, a rare double gatehouse and a commanding southwest corner tower, known as the 'Tower of League'.[10]
  Calder Abbey 54°26′39″N 3°27′58″W / 54.44417°N 3.46611°W / 54.44417; -3.46611 1134 Twelve monks from Furness Abbey, Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria, established the Savigniac abbey at Calder. The abbey became Cistercian in 1148.[11]
  Carlisle Castle 54°53′50″N 2°56′31″W / 54.897260°N 2.941936°W / 54.897260; -2.941936 1092 The monument consists of the surviving remains of the castle's medieval tower keep castle, a section of Carlisle city wall, a 16th century battery, and the underground remains of much of the Roman fort known as Luguvalium.[12]
  Castlerigg stone circle 54°36′10″N 3°05′54″W / 54.6028366°N 3.098384°W / 54.6028366; -3.098384 3200 BC to 2500 BC An oval enclosure of 38 standing stones which contains a smaller enclosure and two barrows, and an outlying stone.[13]
  Dalton Castle, Cumbria 54°09′19″N 3°11′11″W / 54.1554°N 3.1865°W / 54.1554; -3.1865 14th century The monument includes both the above ground and below ground remains of Dalton Castle, which was previously used as the manorial courthouse of Furness Abbey. It was used as a prison from the early 13th century to the late 18th century.[14]
  Furness Abbey 54°8′7″N 3°11′52″W / 54.13528°N 3.19778°W / 54.13528; -3.19778 1123 The abbey was established by Stephen, King of England. The surviving remains consist of most of the east end and west tower of the church, the chapter house and the cloister buildings.[15]
  Giant's Grave St Andrew's Church 54°39′51″N 2°45′04″W / 54.66428°N 2.75107°W / 54.66428; -2.75107 12th century The monument includes two Anglian cross shafts and four hogback stones, located in St Andrew's churchyard, Penrith. It also includes a pair of tenth century Anglian crosses. [16]
  Giant's Grave, Cumbria 54°13′06″N 3°19′35″W / 54.21833°N 3.32633°W / 54.21833; -3.32633 Neolithic era Two Neolithic standing stones located in a field on the coastal plain of west Cumbria, near Kirksanton village.[17]
  Lanercost Priory 54°57′58″N 2°41′42″W / 54.9662°N 2.6949°W / 54.9662; -2.6949 late 12th century Founded by Augustinian cannons. What remains of the priory are the ruins of the chancel and transepts, and the 13th-century nave which was converted into a parish church.[18]
  Long Meg and Her Daughters 54°43′41″N 2°40′04″W / 54.72794°N 2.66765°W / 54.72794; -2.66765 Neolithic or Bronze Age era A stone circle, a linear earthwork lying west of the stone circle, and a Neolithic enclosure to the north.[19]
  Ravenglass Roman Bath House 54°21′03″N 3°24′15″W / 54.3507°N 3.4042°W / 54.3507; -3.4042 2nd century AD A ruined ancient Roman bath house located northeast to the Roman fort.[20]
  Stott Park Bobbin Mill 54°17′08″N 2°57′57″W / 54.2855°N 2.9659°W / 54.2855; -2.9659 1835 A very large working mill which has produced millions of wooden bobbins essential to the Lancashire weaving and spinning industry.[21]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Scheduled monuments: Cumbria". Historic England. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  2. ^ "Scheduled Ancient Monuments in the Historic County of Dorset". Ancient Monuments UK. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  3. ^ "Scheduled Monuments". Historic England. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  4. ^ Historic England. "Ambleside Roman Fort (1009348)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  5. ^ Historic England. "Appleby Castle, uninhabited portion (1003276)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  6. ^ Historic England. "Arnside Tower (1007142)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  7. ^ "Arnside Tower". Visit Cumbria.com. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  8. ^ Historic England. "Birdoswald Roman fort and the section of Hadrian's Wall and vallum between the River Irthing and the field boundaries east of milecastle 50 (1010994)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  9. ^ Historic England. "Brough Castle and Brough (Verteris) Roman fort and civil settlement (1007148)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  10. ^ "Brougham Castle". English Heritage. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  11. ^ Historic England. "Calder Abbey (1007166)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  12. ^ Historic England. "Carlisle Castle; medieval tower keep castle, two lengths of city wall, a 16th century battery, and part of an earlier Roman fort known as Luguvalium (1014579)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  13. ^ Historic England. "Castlerigg stone circle and two bowl barrows (1011362)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  14. ^ Historic England. "Dalton Castle (1020457)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  15. ^ "Furness Abbey". English Heritage. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  16. ^ Historic England. "The Giant's Grave - Two Anglian cross-shafts and four hogback stones in St Andrew's churchyard, Penrith (1007629)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  17. ^ Historic England. "Giant's Grave standing stones, Kirksanton (1009486)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  18. ^ "Lanercost Priory". Britain Express. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  19. ^ Historic England. "Long Meg and Her Daughters stone circle, associated cursus and prehistoric enclosure (1007866)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  20. ^ Historic England. "Ravenglass Roman fort (1013013)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  21. ^ "Stott Park Bobbin Mill". English Heritage. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
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