Schinzel–Giedion syndrome (SGS) is a congenital neurodegenerative terminal syndrome. It was first described in 1978 by Albert Schinzel (1944–) and Andreas Giedion (1925–)[2][3] as a syndrome with severe midface retraction, skull anomalies, renal anomalies (hydronephrosis) and other anomalies. Babies born with Schinzel–Giedion syndrome have severe mental retardation, growth retardation (unless fed through a feeding tube) and global developmental delay.[citation needed]
| Schinzel–Giedion syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Schinzel–Giedion midface retraction syndrome[1] |
| Specialty | Neurology |
Diagnosis
editThis section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2021) |
Genetic testing for mutations in SETBP1 gene can confirm a diagnosis.[4]
Symptoms
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Patients with this can have hydronephrosis, seizures, visual impairments, or alacrima.[5]
Sleep apnea may also be present,
Prognosis
editMost children with condition die before 2 years of age.[6]: 306 With it being estimated that 50% will die before 2 years of age. Death during infancy is due to pneumonia, cardiac arrest, tumors, lung hypoplasia, or seizures. [7]
The longest documented survivor is 15 years old.[7] Children with this condition who survive past infancy have a higher risk of developing tumors.[8]
Causes
editAccording to National Organization for Rare Disorders, the disorder is not inherited from the parents.[4] It is caused by a new spontaneous mutation of the SETBP1 gene. The SETBP1 gene is a cancer promoting gene, and affected children who survive past three years of age are at risk for different types of cancer.
Epidemiology
editThe exact prevalence of Schinzel-Giedion syndrome is unknown. But, about 50 to 80 cases have been reported in literature.[8][6]: 306 Although the occurrence of this disorder is thought to be higher.[9]
According to Orphanet, the condition occurs in 1 in 1 million people.[10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "OMIM Entry - # 269150 - SCHINZEL-GIEDION MIDFACE RETRACTION SYNDROME". omim.org. Retrieved 2019-12-24.
- ^ synd/1866 at Who Named It?
- ^ Schinzel A, Giedion A (1978). "A syndrome of severe midface retraction, multiple skull anomalies, clubfeet, and cardiac and renal malformations in sibs". Am. J. Med. Genet. 1 (4): 361–75. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320010402. PMID 665725.
- ^ a b c "Schinzel Giedion Syndrome". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Retrieved 2021-11-05.
- ^ "Schinzel Giedion syndrome | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
- ^ a b Jones, Kenneth Lyons; Jones, Marilyn Crandall; Campo, Miguel del (2021-03-02). Smith's Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-63883-8.
- ^ a b Liu, Dongyou (2020-05-08). Handbook of Tumor Syndromes. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-351-18741-1.
- ^ a b "Schinzel-Giedion syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
- ^ Name (2021-02-10). "Research grant of over 2 Million Euros offers new hope for children with rare condition Schinzel-Giedion Syndrome". ACNR | Paper & Online Neurology Journal. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
- ^ RESERVED, INSERM US14-- ALL RIGHTS. "Orphanet: Schinzel Giedion syndrome". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
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