Schneckenbecken dysplasia is a rare pre-natally fatal hereditary autosomal recessive condition which affects the bones and pre-natal growth.
| Schneckenbecken dysplasia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Chondrodysplasia lethal neonatal with snail like pelvis[1] |
 | |
| This condition is inherited following an autosomal recessive manner. | |
| Specialty | Medical genetics |
| Symptoms | Short-limbed dwarfism and prenatal death associated with various other radiological anomalies |
| Complications | Prenatal death |
| Usual onset | Birth |
| Duration | Pregnancy |
| Causes | Genetic mutation |
| Diagnostic method | Genetic testing, ultrasound, autopsy |
| Prevention | none |
| Prognosis | Poor |
| Frequency | rare, about 20 cases have been described |
| Deaths | all cases of Schneckenbecken dysplasia have been dead fetuses. |
Signs and symptoms
editFetuses with the condition typically have a hypoplastic iliac bone which resembles a snail, short ribs, short neck, shortened and widened (dysplastic) fibula bones, premature ossification of the tarsus, shortened and broadened long bones which resemble a dumbbell, hypoplastia and flattening vertebrae, macrocephaly, dolichocephaly, toenail hypoplasia, flattening of the malar prominence, and micromelic (short-limbed) dwarfism.[2][3][4]
Complications
editFetuses homozygous for this condition typically die before being born, and because of this they don't usually live to experience the complications of the disease.[5]
Genetics
editThis condition is typically caused by loss-of-function mutations in the SLC35D1 gene, located in chromosome 1. These mutations are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.[6]
Diagnosis
editThis condition can be diagnosed through the following methods:[citation needed]
- Ultrasound (due to its prenatally fatal nature)
- Whole genome sequencing
- Physical examination
- Post-mortem autopsy
Treatment
editThere is no cure for this disorder, and attempted treatment will always be ineffective due to this condition's lethal nature.[7]
Prevalence
editAccording to OrphaNet, less than 20 cases have been reported.[3]
History
editThis condition was first discovered in 1986 by Knowles et al. when they described 5 fetuses born to a consanguineous, first-cousin Asian couple. The couple in question went through 13 pregnancies, these pregnancies consisted of 4 successful pregnancies which resulted in healthy children, 5 pregnancies which resulted in dead dwarf babies, 3 pregnancies which ended in miscarriage, and 1 pregnancy which was clinically aborted after the pre-natal detection of dwarfism.[8]
Eponym
editThis condition is named after the German translation for "snail-pelvis" (Schneckenbecken), this name was first used by Borochowitz et al. when they described a Californian fetus with the symptoms of the disorder and referred to said symptoms as "Schneckenbecken dysplasia".[9]
Mouse knockout model
editIn 2007, Hiraoka et al. created an SLC35D1-knockout mouse model, said experiment revealed that while mice heterozygous for the genetic mutation were born normally without any associated complications, mice homozygous for said mutation died during their neo-natal life. The latter mice had micromelia, craniofacial bone hypoplasia, vertebrae flattening, severely short long bones and iliac bones, Hiraoka noted these symptoms to be similar to those experienced by human fetuses with Schenckenbecken dysplasia, and concluded that this gene must be important for normal ante-natal skeletal formation in mice.[10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Schneckenbecken dysplasia". rarediseases.org.
- ^ "Schneckenbecken dysplasia - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
- ^ a b RESERVED, INSERM US14-- ALL RIGHTS. "Orphanet: Schneckenbecken dysplasia". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Nikkels, P. G.; Stigter, Rob H.; Knol, Irma E.; van der Harten, Hans J. (2001-01-01). "Schneckenbecken dysplasia, radiology, and histology". Pediatric Radiology. 31 (1): 27–30. doi:10.1007/s002470000357. ISSN 1432-1998. PMID 11200994. S2CID 20172582.
- ^ "Entry - #269250 - SCHNECKENBECKEN DYSPLASIA; SHNKND - OMIM". omim.org. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
- ^ Furuichi, T.; Kayserili, H.; Hiraoka, S.; Nishimura, G.; Ohashi, H.; Alanay, Y.; Lerena, J. C.; Aslanger, A. D.; Koseki, H.; Cohn, D. H.; Superti-Furga, A. (2009-08-01). "Identification of loss-of-function mutations of SLC35D1 in patients with Schneckenbecken dysplasia, but not with other severe spondylodysplastic dysplasias group diseases". Journal of Medical Genetics. 46 (8): 562–568. doi:10.1136/jmg.2008.065201. ISSN 1468-6244. PMC 4144354. PMID 19508970.
- ^ Lahmar-Boufaroua, Ahlem; Yacoubi, Mohamed Tahar; Belaid, Leila; Delezoide, Anne Lize (2009). "Schneckenbecken Dysplasia in Fetus: Report of Four Cases". Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy. 25 (2): 216–219. doi:10.1159/000214860. ISSN 1015-3837. PMID 19407457. S2CID 40345953.
- ^ Knowles, S.; Winter, R.; Rimoin, D. (1986-09-01). "A new category of lethal short-limbed dwarfism". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 25 (1): 41–46. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320250106. ISSN 0148-7299. PMID 3799722.
- ^ Borochowitz, Z.; Jones, K. L.; Silbey, R.; Adomian, G.; Lachman, R.; Rimoin, D. L. (1986-09-01). "A distinct lethal neonatal chondrodysplasia with snail-like pelvis: Schneckenbecken dysplasia". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 25 (1): 47–59. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320250107. ISSN 0148-7299. PMID 3799723.
- ^ Hiraoka, Shuichi; Furuichi, Tatsuya; Nishimura, Gen; Shibata, Shunichi; Yanagishita, Masaki; Rimoin, David L.; Superti-Furga, Andrea; Nikkels, Peter G.; Ogawa, Minako; Katsuyama, Kayoko; Toyoda, Hidenao (2007-11-01). "Nucleotide-sugar transporter SLC35D1 is critical to chondroitin sulfate synthesis in cartilage and skeletal development in mouse and human". Nature Medicine. 13 (11): 1363–1367. doi:10.1038/nm1655. ISSN 1078-8956. PMID 17952091. S2CID 22557297.