Scorilo (died maybe c. 70) was a Dacian king who may have been the father of Decebalus. Evidence for his life and reign is fragmentary.
| Scorilo | |
|---|---|
| Dacian king | |
 Symbols of the Dacian kingdom | |
| Reign | 1st century AD |
| Predecessor | Comosicus? |
| Successor | Duras? |
Sources
editA Dacian king (dux Dacorum) called Scorylo is also mentioned by Frontinus, who says he was in power during a period of turmoil in Rome.[1]
The Roman historian Jordanes lists a series of Dacian-Getic kings before Decebalus, placing a ruler called "Coryllus" between Comosicus and Dorpaneus. Coryllus is supposed to have presided over a long peaceful 40-year rule.[2] Modern scholars sometimes equate this otherwise unknown successor Dorpaneus with the king Duras attested in other sources.[3] The name Coryllus is not mentioned by any other historian as well, and it has been argued that it "is a misspelling of Scorilo, a relatively common Dacian name".[4]
On this basis, the Coryllus mentioned by Jordanes has been equated with the Scorylo mentioned by Frontinus. It has been further speculated that this ruler is also named on an ancient Dacian pot bearing the latin stamp inscription “Decebalus per Scorilo”. Though far from certain, this has also been translated as "Decebalus son of Scorilo".[5] If so, this might mean that Decebalus was the son of Scorilo, with Duras possibly being either an older son or a brother of Scorilo.[6]
From this evidence and references to Dacian kings elsewhere, it has been suggested that Scorilo ruled from the 30s or 40s AD through to 69-70.[1]
Reign
edit
The Dacians regularly raided into Roman territory in Moesia. The emperors Tiberius and Caligula solved this problem by paying protection money to the Dacians in the form of annual subsidies. During the reign of Nero, troops were withdrawn from the Dacian border, leaving the empire vulnerable. When Nero was overthrown in 69, the empire was plunged into turmoil in the Year of Four Emperors. The Dacians appear to have tried to take advantage of the situation to launch an invasion of Moesia in alliance with the Sarmatian Roxolani. The invasion was ill-timed. Licinius Mucianus, a supporter of Vespasian, was advancing with an army through Moesia towards Rome to overthrow Vitellius. The Dacians unexpectedly encountered his forces and were pushed back, suffering a major defeat. These events could maybe have coincided with the reign of Scorilo[7] who is, however, not mentioned in the ancient sources on these events.
References
edit- ^ a b Bǎrbulescu, Mihai, et al, The History of Transylvania: (Until 1541), Romanian Cultural Institute, 2005, pp.87-9.
- ^ Jordanes, Getica 12–13.
- ^ Brodersen 2020, pp. 100–101.
- ^ Köpeczi, Béla, History of Transylvania: From the beginnings to 1606, Social Science Monographs, 2001, p.52.
- ^ Brodersen 2020, p. 95.
- ^ Ion Grumeza, Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe, University Press of America, 2009, p.72.
- ^ Ion Grumeza, Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe, University Press of America, 2009, p.154-5.
Bibliography
edit- Brodersen, Kai (2020). Dacia felix: Das antike Rumänien im Brennpunkt der Kulturen. Darmstadt: wbg. ISBN 978-3-8053-5059-4.