Sebezh (Russian: Се́беж) is a town and the administrative center of Sebezhsky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located in a picturesque setting between Lakes Sebezhskoye and Orono 189 kilometers (117 mi) south of Pskov, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 6,375 (2010 Census);[3] 7,138 (2002 Census);[9] 9,497 (1989 Soviet census).[10]
Sebezh
Себеж | |
|---|---|
 Panorama of Sebezh | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Sebezh  | |
  Sebezh Location of Sebezh  Sebezh Sebezh (Pskov Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 56°16′N 28°29′E / 56.267°N 28.483°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Pskov Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Sebezhsky District[1] |
| First mentioned | 1414[2] |
| Town status since | 1772[2] |
| Elevation | 130 m (430 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 6,375 |
| • Capital of | Sebezhsky District[4] |
| • Municipal district | Sebezhsky Municipal District[5] |
| • Urban settlement | Sebezh Urban Settlement[5] |
| • Capital of | Sebezhsky Municipal District,[6] Sebezh Urban Settlement[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [7]) |
| Postal code(s)[8] | 182250, 182251, 182299 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 81140 |
| OKTMO ID | 58654101001 |
History
edit
Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1414–1535
Grand Duchy of Moscow 1535–1547
Tsardom of Russia 1547–1618
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1618–1772
Russian Empire 1772–1917
Soviet Russia 1917–1922
Soviet Union 1922–1991
It was first mentioned in 1414 as a fortress protecting Pskov from the south, when Vytautas of Lithuania sacked it.[2][11] In 1535 it was captured by Muscovy.[11] Prince Ivan Shuysky built a wooden fortress there in 1535. In the 16th century, the fortress defended the Western approaches to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1581, King Stephen Báthory of Poland demanded the restoration of Siebież from Muscovy to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but to no avail,[11] however Lithuanian and Polish troops recaptured it during the Polish–Muscovite War of 1605–1618 and held it until the First Partition of Poland. The fortifications of Sebezh, now dismantled, were reinforced at the behest of Peter the Great during the Great Northern War. The castle hill is still dominated by the Roman Catholic Church, built in 1625-1648 and reconsecrated as a Russian Orthodox Church in 1989.
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From 1802 to 1924, Sebezh was the seat of Sebezhsky Uyezd of Vitebsk Governorate. In 1897, the ethnic make-up, by mother tongue, was 59.3% Jewish, 22.8% Belarusian, 14.3% Russian, and 2.8% Polish.[12] On August 1, 1927, the uyezds and governorates were abolished and Sebezhsky District, with the administrative center in Sebezh, was established as a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[13] It included parts of former Sebezhsky Uyezd.[14] On June 3, 1929, Sebezhsky District was transferred to Western Oblast.[14] On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.[13] On January 29, 1935, Western Oblast was abolished and the district was transferred to Kalinin Oblast, and on February 5 of the same year, Sebezhsky District became a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Kalinin Oblast,[13] one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. On May 4, 1938, the district was transferred to Opochka Okrug.[13] On February 5, 1941, the okrug was abolished.[13] Between July 9, 1941 and July 17, 1944, Sebezh was occupied by German troops.[2] On August 22, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast.[13] On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished and Sebezhsky District was transferred to Pskov Oblast.[13]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1867 | 2,909 | — |
| 1886 | 4,051 | +39.3% |
| 1897 | 4,326 | +6.8% |
| 1989 | 9,497 | +119.5% |
| 2002 | 7,138 | −24.8% |
| 2010 | 6,375 | −10.7% |
| Source: [11][12] | ||
According to the 1939 population census, there were 845 Jews living in Sebezh. The SS Division “Totenkopf” arrived in the town on July 7, 1941. Many Jews managed to escape during this period, via a cattle car sent by Major Solomon Zharzhavsky to evacuate the city[citation needed]. During the entire occupation, which lasted from July 1941 to July 1944, there was an Ortskommandantur in the town. There was an Ordnungsdienst, too. A ghetto was created in September 1941 and existed until March 1942. After that, it was liquidated. During the liquidation, more than 100 Jews were shot in pits. The perpetrators of the shooting were local Russian policemen.[15]
Administrative and municipal status
editWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Sebezh serves as the administrative center of Sebezhsky District,[4] to which it is directly subordinated.[1] As a municipal division, the town of Sebezh, together with sixty-eight rural localities, is incorporated within Sebezhsky Municipal District as Sebezh Urban Settlement.[5]
Economy
editTransportation
editThe M9 Highway, which connects Moscow and Riga, passes Sebezh. Another road connects Sebezh with Opochka. There are also local roads.
The railway connecting Moscow and Riga also passes Sebezh.
Culture and recreation
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Sebezh contains one cultural heritage monument of federal significance and additionally fifteen objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance.[16] The federally protected monument is the Trinity Church, a formerly Catholic church consecrated in 1648, when Sebezh was still part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It is probably the oldest baroque structure in Russia.[citation needed] As of 2013, the church is closed to the public because of reconstruction.
Sebezh is home to the Sebezh District Museum, founded in 1927 and displaying collections of local interest.[17]
Notable people
edit- Semyon Dimanstein, Jewish Soviet state activist, publisher
- Zinovy Gerdt, Russian Soviet actor
- Witold Rudziński, Polish composer
References
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d Law #833-oz stipulates that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. The Law #420-oz, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal districts, lists the town of Sebezh as a part of Sebezhsky District.
- ^ a b c d Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 414. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 58 254», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 58 254, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^ a b c d Law #420-oz
- ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Федеральное агентство по технологическому регулированию и метрологии. №ОК 033-2013 1 января 2014 г. «Общероссийский классификатор территорий муниципальных образований. Код 58 654». (Federal State Statistics Service. Federal Agency on Technological Regulation and Metrology. #OK 033-2013 January 1, 2014 Russian Classification of Territories of Municipal Formations. Code 58 654. ).
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ a b c d Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom X (in Polish). Warszawa. 1889. pp. 484–485.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г. (in Russian). Vol. V. 1903. pp. 76–79.
- ^ a b c d e f g Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast, pp. 11–15
- ^ a b Себежский район (август 1927 г. - июнь 1929 г.) (in Russian). Справочник истории административно-территориального деления Ленинградской области. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
- ^ "Yahad - in Unum".
- ^ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
- ^ Себежский краеведческий музей (in Russian). Себежский краеведческий музей. Retrieved August 19, 2012.
Sources
edit- Псковское областное Собрание депутатов. Закон №833-оз от 5 февраля 2009 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Псковской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №20, 10 февраля 2009 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #833-oz of February 5, 2009 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast. Effective as of the official publication date.).
- Псковское областное Собрание депутатов. Закон №420-оз от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области», в ред. Закона №1542-ОЗ от 5 июня 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Псковской области "Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №41–43, №44–46, №49–51, 4 марта 2005 г., 5 марта 2005 г., 11 марта 2005 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #420-oz of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast, as amended by the Law #1542-OZ of June 5, 2015 On Amending the Law of Pskov Oblast "On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
- Архивный отдел Псковского облисполкома. Государственный архив Псковской области. "Административно-территориальное деление Псковской области (1917–1988 гг.). Справочник". (Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast (1917–1988). Reference.) Книга I. Лениздат, 1988
External links
edit- Official website of Pskov Oblast. Information about Sebezh (in Russian)
- Unofficial website of Sebezh (in Russian)