The Segeju (Swahili: Wasegeju; Mijikenda: Asagidzu) are a Bantu ethnolinguistic group mostly based in Tanzania's Tanga Region (particularly Mkinga District) and Kenya's Kwale County.[1][5] Most Segeju reside in the small coastal strip between the Tanzanian city of Tanga and the Kenyan-Tanzanian border. However, some Segeju have migrated to urban areas in other parts of Tanzania or Kenya (e.g. Mombasa), in hopes of better employment opportunities and quality of life. Segeju migration to urban areas often results in severance of community ties, leading to a lack of transmission of important cultural traditions and language.[4][1]
Asagidzu[1] | |
|---|---|
| Total population | |
| <25,000 (2012)[2] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Tanzania | 18,688 (1969)[3] |
 Kenya | 8,000 (2012)[2][a] |
| Languages | |
| Segeju, Digo, Swahili[3] | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Islam[5] | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Dhaiso, Kamba, Mijikenda, Shirazi, Swahili, other Bantu peoples[1] | |
| |
In 2012, the Segeju population was estimated to number fewer than 25,000,[2] with fewer than 7,000 speaking the Segeju language.[3][6] The Segeju have kinship relations with the Digo people, who are part of the nine tribes of the Mijikenda.[4] Additionally, the Segeju have affines with the nearby Swahili and Shirazi.[1] As a result, many Segeju have adopted the Swahili and Digo languages as mediums for wider communication.[3]
Ethnonym
edit| Person | Msegeju[4] |
|---|---|
| People | Wasegeju[4] |
| Language | Kisegeju[4] |
The ethnonym of Segeju is said to be derived from the Swahili words Kusega, meaning 'to draw' and juu, meaning 'up' or 'high'. The Segeju were said to have acquired the name following contact with the Shirazis in the 17th century, on account of the habit of their wearing of skin garments around their loins higher than was usual.[7]
History
editOrigins
editSegeju oral traditions describe a close historical connection between them and the Dhaiso, an ethnic group primarily inhabiting the foot of the Usambara Mountains. The mother-tongue of the Dhaiso is a Thagicũ language, which is related to the Kamba language and other Bantu languages of Central Kenya. Some Segeju are aware that their ancestors spoke this Thagicũ language too and of their distant connection to the Kamba, Kikuyu, and other Thagicũ peoples. The linguistic connection between these peoples clearly indicates that the Segeju, Dhaiso, and Central Kenyan Bantu people share a common origin, presumably in the upper reaches of the Tana River.[1]
However, according to Segeju traditions recorded by Mhando (2008), the Segeju state that they originated in Shungwaya. Shungwaya is a legendary place said to be roughly located north of Kenya's Paté Island in present-day Southern Somalia. Another version states that they came from Arabia, specifically Yemen.[7][1]
c.1590 - 1630
editZimba defeat, Segeju-Swahili coast rivalry
editThe Segeju also acted as a military for hire by Swahili city of Malindi. In the 16th century, The Zimba, a military arm of the Maravi Kingdom, goes on a rampage pillaging Swahili cities. After pillaging Mombasa, the Zimba head for Malindi but are annihilated by the Segeju when they were scaling the walls of Malindi. Segeju gain fame for this feat and later on, Malindi uses the Segeju as warriors for hire to siege the city of Mombasa on behalf of the Sheikh of Malindi.[8] During the battle for Mombasa, Shehe bin Misham and his three adult sons are killed. Shortly afterward the Segeju occupied Mombasa, eventually surrendering it to the Sheikh of Malindi, who invites his ally, the Portuguese, to set up base.[8]
c. 1650 - 1700
editGalla-Segeju conflict
editMhando records that the Segeju were attacked by the Galla in the second half of the 17th century. This caused their society to fragment into at least three sections. One of the groups fled to Lamu Island where they intermarried with the local people, giving rise to the Bajuni people. Another group fled to an area known as Mwangea while the third fled to the lower Tana region. The last group would later move to their current areas of occupancy due to long droughts in the Tana region.[7]
They had a king who ruled for 20 years before retiring, named King Lewin Atwine.[when?][citation needed]
Culture
editReligion
editVirtually all Segeju are Sunni Muslims of the Shafi'ite school of thought due to a series of historical interactions and intermarriages with the neighboring Vumba Swahili in the 17th century.[9][5] There is a small Christian minority among the Segeju of Kenya.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Walsh, Martin (1 January 2013). Gearhart, Rebecca; Giles, Linda (eds.). "The Segeju Complex? Linguistic evidence for the precolonial making of the Mijikenda". Contesting Identities: The Mijikenda and Their Neighbors in Kenyan Coastal Society. Africa World Press: 22–51 – via ResearchGate.
- ^ a b c d "At the margins of Kenya's democracy | Pambazuka News". www.pambazuka.org. 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
- ^ a b c d "Did you know Segeju is threatened?". Endangered Languages. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
- ^ a b c d e f "Staying Segeju: Young Activist Researchers from an Indigenous East African People Fight Forced Integration Campaigns among Swahili Coast Communities". www.culturalsurvival.org. 11 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-11.
- ^ a b c d "AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes - Segeju people". www.101lasttribes.com. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
- ^ "Segeju". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2022-08-08.
- ^ a b c Jacob Mhando (2008). Safeguarding Endangered Oral Traditions In East Africa (PDF) (Report). Unesco. p. 23. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
- ^ a b Berg, F. J. (1968). "The Swahili Community of Mombasa, 1500–1900". The Journal of African History. 9 (1): 35–56. doi:10.1017/s0021853700008343. ISSN 0021-8537. S2CID 162622809.
- ^ Levtzion, Nehemia; Pouwels, Randall (2000-03-31). The History of Islam in Africa. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-4461-0.
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