Sewahenre Senebmiu (also Sonbmiu) is a poorly attested Egyptian pharaoh during the Second Intermediate Period, thought to belong to the late 13th Dynasty.
| Sewahenre Senebmiu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Sonbmiu, Sonbmijew, Senebmaui | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![Drawing by Wallis Budge of a fragment of a limestone stele of Senebmiu, from Gebelein.[1]](/wiki/File:Senebmiu.png) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | after 1660 BC, possibly for 1 year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | uncertain, Se[...]kare (von Beckerath)[2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Dynasty | 13th Dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Attestations
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Senebmiu is a poorly attested pharaoh. Contemporary attestations of Senebmiu are few and all originate from Upper Egypt. Darrell Baker and Daphna Ben Tor suggest that this may signal that the 13th Dynasty had lost control of Lower and possibly Middle Egypt at the time.[4][5]
Gebelein, stela (BM EA 24898)
editA fragment of a limestone stele discovered by G.W. Fraser in 1893 in Gebelein and now in the British Museum (BM EA 24898) bears the mention "The son of Ra, of his body, Senebmiu". The stele once depicted the king wearing the double crown and probably making an offering, but most of the relief is lost.
Deir el-Bahri, naos (Cairo JE 46196)
editAn attestation of Senebmiu was uncovered in the mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II at Deir el-Bahri, where the side of a small naos is inscribed with the king's titulary.[4][6][3]
Qurna, staff (Moscow I.1.a. 1801, a, b)
editA staff bearing the king's prenomen and inscribed for the "Royal sealer, overseer of marshland dwellers Senebni" was found in a now-lost tomb in Qurna on the west bank of the Nile opposite Karnak.[4]
Karnak King List
editThe Karnak king list entry 49, redacted during the reign of Thutmose III, mentions his prenomen Sewahenre after Sekhemre Wahkhau Rahotep.[4]
Turin King List
editThe Turin canon, redacted during the time of Ramesses II, is severely damaged after the record of Sobekhotep VII and the identity and chronological order of the last 19 kings of the 13th Dynasty is impossible to ascertain from the document.[6] Senebmiu's prenomen Sewahenre may have been partially preserved on column 8, line 16 of the papyrus, which reads Se[...]enre. Darrell Baker and Kim Ryholt note that this attribution is far from certain as it could also correspond to another obscure king of this period with the name Sekhaenre.[4]
Theories
editAccording to Egyptologist Jürgen von Beckerath, he was the forty-first king of the 13th Dynasty.[2][7][8] Alternatively, Darrell Baker proposes that he may have been its fifty-seventh ruler.[4] Kim Ryholt only specifies that Senebmiu's short reign dates to between 1660 BC and 1649 BC.[6]
See also
editReferences
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- ^ Wallis Budge: Hieroglyphic Texts, V (1914) see p. 7 and pl. 18, available copyright-free online.
- ^ a b Jürgen von Beckerath: Handbuch der Ägyptischen Königsnamen, MÄS 49, Philip Von Zabern. (1999)
- ^ a b c d e f Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, Stacey International, ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 381-382
- ^ Daphna Ben Tor: Sequences and chronology of Second Intermediate Period royal-name scarabs, based on excavated series from Egypt and the Levant, in: The Second Intermediate Period (Thirteenth-Seventeenth Dynasties), Current Research, Future Prospects edited by Marcel Maree, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, 192, 2010, p. 91
- ^ a b c K.S.B. Ryholt, The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800 – 1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, excerpts available online here.
- ^ Jürgen von Beckerath: Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte der Zweiten Zwischenzeit in Ägypten, Glückstadt, 1964
- ^ Jürgen von Beckerath: Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägyptens, Münchner Ägyptologische Studien 46. Mainz am Rhein, 1997