"Shake That Thing" is a song recorded by Papa Charlie Jackson in 1925, one of the earliest blues standards and a forerunner of hokum.[1] Paramount Records issued it on the B-side of the then standard 10-inch 78 rpm shellac record on July 11, 1925. The song is also known as a first hit record where the male singer accompanies himself.[2] The title of the song (oft-repeated in the lyrics) contains double entendre: at the time "shake it" was a vulgar euphemism for coitus[3] (on the innocent side, it was quite likely a directive for female dancers to shake their hips, the author Stephen Calt thinks that the expression became indecent as a result of the success of the song).[4]
| "Shake That Thing" | |
|---|---|
| Single by Papa Charlie Jackson | |
| A-side | "The Faking Blues" |
| Released | July 11, 1925 |
| Recorded | May 1925 |
| Genre | Blues |
| Label | Paramount |
| Songwriter(s) | Papa Charlie Jackson |
Song
editThe song is written in a twelve-bar verse-and-refrain format[5] with two-line, four-bar verse and three-line, eight-bar chorus[6] (song is similar to Jackson's earlier eight-bar "Salty Dog Blues" recorded in September 1924).[7] Like the other best Jackson's songs, "Shake That Thing" is an uptempo dance blues.[8]
The lyrics tells the story of Jackson visiting Georgia where young and old participate in a new kind of dance that requires dancers to "shake that thing"[9] (the dance that supposedly goes to fast syncopated music, appears to be fictional).[4] Jackson plays a novel stop-time solo[10] on his banjo[9] (or banjo guitar,[8] the record states, "Guitar acc").[11] and sings:
Now down in Georgia they got a dance that's new
There ain't nothing to it, it's easy to do
They call it shake that thing,
Aww, shake that thing
I'm getting sick 'n' tired of telling you to shake that thing
On its own the lyrics is pretty tame, but it was made salacious by Jackson's "leering delivery".[7]
Release
editJackson was recording with Paramount since 1924.[9]
In 1926 the publishing rights were sold to Shapiro and Bernstein with a piano version printed in the same year.[2]
Recognition
editThe song is the most influential piece by Jackson[12] (he also "struck pay dirt")[10] and arguably also the most influential in the history of race records.[4] J. Mayo Williams stated that "Shake That Thing" was so hot that it "helped put the roar in the roaring ’20s". In less than a year it was covered by Clarence Williams's Blue Five, Ethel Waters, Billy Wirges and his Orchestra, Viola McCoy, Viola Bartlette and Jimmie O’Bryant's Famous Original Washboard Band, Abe Lyman and his Californians, even Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five joined with a music arrangement by Spencer Williams under the name "Georgia Grind" that included a bit of additional lyrics. The Paramount record by Jackson was referred to as an "original" early in 1926, a rarity for the times.[2]
Later developments
editThe music was reworked in 1928 by Georgia Tom (Thomas A. Dorsey) for his (and Tampa Red's) song "It's Tight Like That" that started a new subgenre that was later named hokum blues.[2]
The lyrics triggered a brief copyright controversy: in 1926 Carl Van Vechten copied it verbatim into his "Nigger Heaven"; to avoid a lawsuit Langston Hughes, a student at the time, was commissioned to write alternative lines that would exactly fit into the already-made printing plates (just in case, Hughes also wrote substitute lyrics for all other poetry pieces in the novel). This is a rare case of a poet guided by the typesetting rules.[13]: 21
Discography
edit| Title | Artist | Label/catalog # | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| "Shake That Thing" | Papa Charlie Jackson | Paramount 12281 | 1925 |
| "Shake That Thing" | Clarence Williams's Blue Five | OKeh 8267 | 1925 |
| "Shake That Thing" | Ethel Waters | Columbia 14116D | 1925 |
| "Shake That Thing" | Billy Wirges and his Orchestra | Perfect 14533, Pathé 36352 | 1925 |
| "Shake That Thing" | Viola McCoy | Vocalion 15245 | 1926 |
| "Shake That Thing" | Viola Bartlette | Paramount 12345 | 1926 |
| "Shake That Thing" | Jimmy O'Bryant's Famous Washboard Band | Paramount 12346A | 1926 |
| "Shake That Thing" | Abe Lyman and his Californians | Brunswick 3069 | 1926 |
| "Georgia Grind" | Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five | OKeh 8318 | 1926 |
References
edit- ^ Komara 2015.
- ^ a b c d Schwartz 2018, p. 370.
- ^ Johnson 1927, p. 16.
- ^ a b c Calt 2010, p. 212.
- ^ Birnbaum 2012, p. 105.
- ^ Wald 2010, p. 5.
- ^ a b Birnbaum 2013, p. 77.
- ^ a b Hansen 2000, p. 46.
- ^ a b c Dodge 2019, p. 115.
- ^ a b Obrecht 2015, p. 41.
- ^ Dixon, Godrich & Rye 1997, p. 423.
- ^ Wald 2010, p. 27.
- ^ Kellner, Bruce (1992). "Langston Hughes's 'Nigger Heaven' Blues". The Langston Hughes Review. 11 (1): 21–27. JSTOR 26434554.
- ^ Schwartz 2018, pp. 383–388.
Sources
edit- Schwartz, Roberta Freund (2018-10-01). "How Blue Can You Get? "It's Tight Like That" and the Hokum Blues". American Music. 36 (3). University of Illinois Press: 367–393. doi:10.5406/americanmusic.36.3.0367. ISSN 0734-4392.
- Johnson, G. B. (1927). "Double meaning in the popular negro blues". The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 22 (1). American Psychological Association (APA): 12–20. doi:10.1037/h0075493. ISSN 0096-851X.
- Komara, Edward (Spring 2015). ""Papa" Charlie Jackson, and Cary Moskovitz et al. Papa Charlie Done Sung That Song: Celebrating The Music Of "Papa" Charlie Jackson". ARSC Journal. 46 (1). Annapolis: 172–175, 189.
- Birnbaum, L. (2012). Before Elvis: The Prehistory of Rock 'n' Roll. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-8629-2. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- Birnbaum, L. (2013). Before Elvis: The Prehistory of Rock 'n' Roll. G - Reference,Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-8638-4. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- Wald, E. (2010). The Blues: A Very Short Introduction. Very Short Introductions. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-975079-5. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- Trotman, C.J., ed. (2014). "Langston Hughes's Nigger Heaven Blues". Langston Hughes: The Man, His Art, and His Continuing Influence. Critical Studies in Black Life and Culture. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-317-94617-5. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- Calt, S. (2010). "shake that thing". Barrelhouse Words: A Blues Dialect Dictionary. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-09071-4. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- Dodge, T. (2019). Rhythm and Blues Goes Calypso. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-1-4985-3099-6. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- Obrecht, J. (2015). Early Blues: The First Stars of Blues Guitar. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-1-4529-4565-1. Retrieved 2023-07-09.
- Hansen, B. (2000). Rhino's Cruise Through the Blues. G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Miller Freeman Books. ISBN 978-0-87930-625-0. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
- Dixon, R.M.W.; Godrich, J.; Rye, H. (1997). Blues & Gospel Records, 1890-1943. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-816239-1. Retrieved 2023-07-10.