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Shivanand Goswami

Shivanand Goswami| Shiromani Bhatt (Hindi/ Sanskrit : शिवानन्द गोस्वामी | शिरोमणि भट्ट ).(estimated period: Samvat 1710–1797) was a poet and a scholar of literature, poetics, Ayurveda, Oriental studies, Veda-Vedang, ritualism, theology, astronomy, astrology (Hora Shastra), Sanskrit Grammar and a practitioner of Tantra-Mantra etc.[1]

Born in Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, his ancestors were originally Tamil and Telugu-speaking Panchadravida Vellanadu Brahmins,[2] who later settled in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and other provinces of North India upon the request and invitation of some North Indian kings. His father was Shri Jaganniwas Bhatt who was invited by Bundelkhand king Devi Singh to act as his Rajguru. Later, Amber King Bishan Singh, father of Sawai Jai Singh II, invited his son Goswami to his capital town to perform a Vajpeya-Yagna and accepted him as Rajguru of the Kachchawa-clan.[3][4]

Birth

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Goswami's exact birth year and location are unknown. Researchers such as Prakash Parimal have recorded the birth year of Goswami as Vikram Samvat 1710 (year 1575 AD). Some researchers think he may have been born in Orchha, as Shivanandji's father Shri Jaganniwas Bhatt was invited by the King of Orchha as his Rajguru to settle there or at Kanchipuram - which was the native town of all his forefathers.

Family

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According to historical sources, the family tree up to Goswami is available as follows[5] - similar information is published in "UttarBharteeya Andhra-Tailang-Bhatta-Goswami Vanshvriksha" compiled by Balkrishna Raw (2012). Goswami Harikrishna Shastry in his book "Vansha-Prashasti" (Mahapura-Shakha) (published in 1967(?)) has also narrated that the predecessors of Goswami had originally hailed from Shivakanchi-Vishnukanchi town situated near Penna river in Panampatta-Tamilnadu. Out of these Brahmin-scholars Samarpungava Dikshitar was one of the well known pundits of his times in India. He penned many books out of which "yatra-Prabandh"[6] and Adwaita-Vidyatilakam [7] are well known. He was also a specialist of conducting various traditional VAIDIK-Yagnas like Ashwamedha Yagna and Vajpeya-Yagna.[8]

Surname

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Most likely Shriwas Bhatt I, the grandfather of Shivanandji Maharaj, may be the first one of his family to have migrated from Tamil Nadu to north India.[9] In his youth, Bhatt I had practised tantra-shastra under the guidance of respected sage Deshikendra Satchidananda Sundaracharya of Jallandhar-Peeth,[10] and obtained formal "deeksha" as his disciple. Shriniwas Bhatt was bestowed the title of "Goswami" on completion of his training in tantra by his guru Satchidananda Sundaracharya in samvat 1660 (year 1525 AD) and renamed as Goswami Vidyanand Nath. Since he was a worshiper of Godless Tripura Sundari or ([Lalita] | [Lalitha]), another name he was given was Goswami Lalitananda.[11] It is thus clear that "Goswami" is not associated with the caste to which these migrated South Indian Aatreya-gotra brahmins belong by birth, but a title or honorific denoting their mastery of ancient scriptures and Tantric-practices.[12]

 
'Singh Siddhant Sindhu 'by Shivananda Goswami

Shivananda Goswami was a devoted worshiper of Goddess Tripura Sundari. Many incidents describe him having occult-powers as a psychic and tantra-exponent.[13] After Shrimad Bhagwat, the credit of writing the text Singh-Siddhant-Sindhu goes to Shivananda Goswami. Singh-Siddhant-Sindhu' VS.173 (1674 AD) has 35,130 Sanskrit verses, much more than the total number of verses contained in the Srimad Bhagavatam. (To be precise, Srimad Bhagavatam has 18 thousand verses, 335 chapters and 12 skandhas.) Singh-siddhanta-Sindhu is probably the largest book of its kind, consisting of much reference material from numerous scriptures.

Death

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It is widely believed that in spite of being respected and patronized by many of the Indian kings and noblemen, Goswami spent his last days in Bikaner with Anup Singh, the Maharaja,[14] where he died - somewhere in South India, or in Bikaner - it is also a matter of research.[15]

Simha-Siddhanta-Sindhu

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Despite the fact that its handwritten manuscript was available in the Anup Sanskrit Library of Bikaner, its publication saw the light of the day almost after four hundred years of writing, but fortunately it is now accessible in print-form. Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute of Jodhpur has published the work in three volumes under the editorship of Pandit Laxminarayan Goswami. The third volume was also published as an e-book[16] by exoticindiaart.com. This book is encyclopedic in nature and contains thousands of excerpts from many disciplines like Sanskrit poetry, Tantra, Mantra-Shastra, Nyaya, Aagama-Nigama, Dharmashastras, Mimansa, Sutras, Ethics, Astrology, Veda-Vedang, Grammar, Medicine, Ayurveda, Yagya-Vidhi, Rituals, Dharmashastra, and Horashastra etc. Two more volumes of this book are under print from Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute as indicated by the editor.[17]

Other works

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Goswami has written more than thirty-five Sanskrit books. (Source : Genealogical Tree of Tailang-Brahmans: 1942) Except for Champu-kavya most of his works are written in poetry-form. The list of citations of the first ten Tarangas ('waves') of 'Singh Siddhanta Sindhu' has been published in Chennai (Madras).[18] He was primarily an exclusive-worshiper of Tripura-Sundari (Goddess). As a result of his commitment to power-worship, earned through Srividya, he was bestowed with the title of 'Sakshi-Natya-Shiromani' by the Pandit-community of Varanasi[19][20][21]

His 30 available works (mostly handwritten manuscripts) in Anup Sanskrit Library, Bikaner, Pothikhana of City-Palace, Jaipur, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune and elsewhere are as follows :[22]

1. Singh-Siddhant-Sindhu (1674 AD) सिंहसिद्धांतसिन्धु [23][24][25][26][27][28]

2. Singh-siddhant-pradeepak सिंह सिद्धांत प्रदीपक

3. Subodh Roopawali सुबोध रूपावली

4. Srividyayasparyakram-darpan श्रीविद्यास्यपर्याक्रम-दर्पण

5. Vidyarchandipika विद्यार्चनदीपिका

6. Lalitarchana-kaumudi ललितार्चन-कौमुदी

7. Laxminarayanarcha-kaumudi लक्ष्मीनारायणार्चा-कौमुदी

8. Laxminarayan-Stuti लक्ष्मीनारायण-स्तुति

9. Subhgodaya Darpana सुभगोदय-दर्पण

10. Aacharyasindhu आचारसिन्धु

11. Pyayashchittaranava-Sanket प्रयाश्चित्तारणव-संकेत

12. Aanhikaratna आन्हिकरत्न

13. Mahabharat-subhashit-shloka-Sangraha महाभारत-सुभाषित-श्लोक-संग्रह

14. Vyavahara-Nirnaya व्यवहारनिर्णय

15. Vaidyaratna वैद्यरत्न

16. Muhurtaratna मुहूर्तरत्न

17. Kala-Viveka काल-विवेक

18. Tithi-nirnaya तिथिनिर्णय

19. Amarkoshsya Balbodhini Teeka अमरकोशस्य बालबोधिनी टीका

20. Stree-Pratyaya-Kosh स्त्री-प्रत्ययकोश

21. Karka-Kosh कारक-कोश

22. Samaas-kosh समास-कोश

23. Shabda-Bhed-Prakash शब्द भेद प्रकाश

24. Aakhyaanwada आख्यानवाद

25. Padartha tatva nirupana पदार्थतत्वनिरूपण

26. naya-vivek नय-विवेक

27. Ishwarastuti ईश्वरस्तुति

28. Kulpredeep कुलप्रदीप

29. Shri-Chandra-Pooja-Prayog श्रीचंद्रपूजा-प्रयोग

30. Niyarchankathana नित्यार्चन-कथन

Honors/ Felititions and Jagirs

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In the seventh generation of Orchha Kings, Devi Singh (1635–1641 AD) bestowed the jagir of 4 villages in Bundelkhand Madhya Pradesh to Goswami after obtaining 'Sri Vidya mantra-diksha' from him.[29] In the year 1692–1694, Amber king Bishan Singh presented him the jagirs of Ramjipura (on which the Malviya Nagar of Jaipur is built today), along with Harivanshpura, Chimanpura and Mahapura,[30] the written evidence of which is still preserved in an inscription of 'Pothikhana' (Royal Library) of City-Palace of Jaipur,[31] Mahapura village has become a part of Jaipur metropolis today. The descendants of Goswami ji and his brother Janardan Goswami have lived in Amber/Mahapura. It was here in 1922 that the Sanskrit litterateur Bhatt Mathuranath Shastri was married to Ramadevi Bhatt, the daughter of Acharya Gopikrishna Goswami गोपीकृष्ण गोस्वामी a descendant of Shivanand and a well-versed scholar of Shrimad Bhagwat Mahapuran. When Shivanand ji decided to settle in Bikaner (leaving his property-villages in Jaipur) The jagirs of two villages - Pulasar and Chilkoi were first presented to Goswamiji by Raja Anup Singh of Bikaner (1669-98 AD).[32] It is generally believed that Shivanand Goswami remained in Bikaner till the end of his life. Perhaps he died there too - but unfortunately there is no historical evidence available about his last days spent in royal patronage of Bikaner, as already indicated above.

 
A Page from the manuscript by Janardan Goswami 17th C

After Shivanand ji, his worthy sons also continued with many academic-achievements in the Bikaner state, keeping their family tradition intact, as is proved from the following English document of Bikaner archives–

Maharaj shri Shivanandji, sole ascendant, gave Purnabhishek-Mantra to Maharaja Shri Anoop Singh ji Bahadur of Bikaner at Dilsuri (Pargana Delhi). The Maharaja bequeathed two villages CHIKLOI (tehsil Taranagar) and POOLASAR (tehsil Sadar) in "Bhent" on this most auspicious occasion to Shri Shivanandji Maharaj, the Rajguru. Thus Goswami Paramsukhji Maharaj, the youngest son of great Shri Shivanandji Maharaj settled at Bikaner on the request of HH Shri Gajsingh ji Bahadur, the Maharaja of Bikaner. Shri Surat singhji, Maharaja of Bikaner also accepted Purnabhishek Mantra from Goswami Shri Paramsukhji Maharaj, the Rajguru, in 1855 AD and bequeathed the village KHETOLAI (tehsil Sadar)in Bhent and bequeathed on the most auspicious occasion of the sacred thread ceremony of Bishwnathji and kanhaiyalalji, real sons of shri Paramsukhji Goswami, village SURJANSAR (tehsil Shri Dungargarh. The Maharaja also granted the privilege of taking Rs. 1/- on each marriage of persons other than Brahmans and Mohammedans. The privilege of taking one paisa in the form of tax on each animal loaded with the custom chargeable goods and who enters the state boundary, was also granted to Goswami Paramsukhji Maharaj. The family enjoys the privilege of TAZIM and LAWAZMA....

References

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  1. ^ "जयपुर की संस्कृत साहित्य को देन (1835-1965) | Hindi Book | Jaipur Ki Sanskrit Sahitya Ko den (1835-1965) - ePustakalay".
  2. ^ "Vansh Prashasti" : A book by Goswami Harikrishna Shastri
  3. ^ "Sabheda Arya Saptshatee : An ancient book" referred to by Goswami Hari krishna Shastry in his verse-book "Vansh-Prashasti"
  4. ^ उत्तर भारतीय आन्ध्र-तैलंग-भट्ट-वंशवृक्ष (भाग-२) संपादक स्व. पोतकूर्ची कंठमणि शास्त्री और करंजी गोकुलानंद तैलंग / 'शुद्धाद्वैत वैष्णव वेल्लनाटीय युवक-मंडल', नाथद्वारा से वि. सं. २००७ में प्रकाशित
  5. ^ Sri Venkatesh Annamma→→→→→→Sri Dikshitar→→→→→Sri Thirumalla Dixit→→→→Sri Sriniketan(First)→→→Sri Srinivasa→→Sri Jagannivas(First)→Sri Shivananda Goswami (later became famous as 'Shiromani Bhatt').
  6. ^ "यात्राप्रबन्धः | Sanskrit Book | Yatra Prabandha - ePustakalay".
  7. ^ "The Advaita Vidyatilakam Part.i No.37". 1930.
  8. ^ "Search, Seek, and Discover Jain Literature".
  9. ^ North Indian Andhra-Tailang-Bhatt-Family-Tree' (Part-2) by 'Shuddhadvaita Vaishnava Vellanateeya Yuvak Mandal' Edited by Potkurchi Kanthamani Shastri and Karanji Gokulananda Tailang, from Nathdwara Rajasthan
  10. ^ "Jalandhar Shakti Peeth, Devi Talab Mandir (जालंधर शक्ति पीठ, देवी तालाब मंदिर), timings, location, how to reach".
  11. ^ Monograph : 'Sakshi-Natya-Shiromani Goswami Shivananda' by Prakash Parimal : Publishers : 'Smriti-Prakshan', D-39, Devnagar, Tonk Road, Jaipur-302018.
  12. ^ Ashok Atreya : 'Kesar Kyari' : Weekly Column: Daily Navjyoti
  13. ^ Monograph:Sakshi Natya Shiromani Goswami Shivanand : Prakash Parimal : Smriti Publications D-38 Dev Nagar, Tonk Road, Jaipur 302018
  14. ^ Bikaner Gazetteer, 1946
  15. ^ संक्षिप्त मोनोग्राफ : 'साक्षीनाट्यशिरोमणि गोस्वामी शिवानंद' प्रकाश परिमल : स्मृति-प्रकाशन, डी-३९, देवनगर, जयपुर-302018
  16. ^ /https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/sanskrit/languageandliterature/
  17. ^ 'Sanskrit-Kalpataru' : Editor Kalanath Shastri and Ghanshyam Goswami : Manjunath Research Institute, C-8, Prithviraj Road, C-Scheme, Jaipur-302001
  18. ^ Tripathi, Gaya Charan (2004). Communication with God: The Daily Pūjā Ceremony in the Jagannātha Temple. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 9788173052620. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  19. ^ Monograph by P.Parimal
  20. ^ "Rājasthāna ke granthāgāra". 1986.
  21. ^ "Parampara". 1984.
  22. ^ Tripathi, Gaya Charan (2004). Communication with God: The Daily Pūjā Ceremony in the Jagannātha Temple. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 9788173052620. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  23. ^ "सिंहसिद्धान्तसिन्धुः - खण्ड 1 | Sanskrit Book | Singh Siddhant Sindhu - Vol. 1 - ePustakalay".
  24. ^ "Singh Siddhant Sindhu vol. 1".
  25. ^ "Singh Siddhant Sindhu vol. 3".
  26. ^ "सिंहसिद्धान्तसिन्धु: (द्वितीय: खण्ड:) - Singh Siddhanta Sindhu by Goswami Shri Shivananda Bhatt Part - 2 (An Old and Rare Book) | Exotic India Art".
  27. ^ Bhojraj Dwivedi, Dr. Mantra Shakti Aur Sadhna. Diamond Pocket Books (P). ISBN 9788171828395.
  28. ^ "Sambodhi". 1989.
  29. ^ 'Sanskrit-Kalpataru' : Editor Kalanath Shastri and Ghanshyam Goswami : Manjunath Memorial Research Institute, C-8, Prithviraj Road, C-Scheme, Jaipur-302001
  30. ^ 'The Changing Power-Structure in a Rajasthan Village' Research Paper: by Vasudhakar Goswamy, Department of Sociology University of Rajasthan, Jaipur (1968)
  31. ^ जयपुर-दर्शन' प्रकाशक : 'जयपुर अढाई शती समारोह समिति' प्रधान-सम्पादक : डॉ॰ प्रभुदयाल शर्मा 'सहृदय'नाट्याचार्य वर्ष 1978
  32. ^ The Biography of Rulers, Nobles,Gentlemen of Bikaner : Volume III : Page 134 by R. D. Sodhi, Hukum Singh, Extra Assistant Commissioner in Punjab and Vice-resident of the Regency Council, Bikaner
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