Shizuishan, formerly Shizuizi, is a prefecture-level city in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. It is the northernmost prefecture in Ningxia and the second most populous, after the regional capital Yinchuan, bordered by Inner Mongolia to all directions except the south. Shizuishan sits on the western bank of the Yellow River on the western side of the Ordos Loop. It was formerly a center for caravans traveling the northern routes to and from Beijing across the Ordos Desert.
Shizuishan
石嘴山市 · شِظُوِشًا شِ Shihtsuishan | |
|---|---|
 | |
.png) The territory of Shizuishan prefecture-level city (yellow) within the Ningxia AR | |
  Shizuishan Location of the city center in Ningxia | |
| Coordinates (Shizuishan municipal government): 38°59′05″N 106°22′58″E / 38.9846°N 106.3828°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Autonomous region | Ningxia |
| Municipal seat | Dawukou District |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 5,208.13 km2 (2,010.87 sq mi) |
| • Urban (2018)[1] | 233 km2 (90 sq mi) |
| Population (2007) | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 730,400 |
| • Density | 140/km2 (360/sq mi) |
| • Urban (2018)[2] | 720,000 |
| • Urban density | 3,100/km2 (8,000/sq mi) |
| GDP[3] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 48.3 billion US$ 7.7 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 61,844 US$ 9,929 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-NX-02 |
| Website | www |
| Shizuishan | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 石嘴山 | ||||||||
| Postal | Shetsuishan | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Stony Beak Mountain | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Name
editShizuishan was formerly romanized as Shetsuishan[4] and Shihchu Shan.[5]
It was also formerly known as "Shizuizi", which was romanized Shihtsuitzu[5][6] and Chetsouidze.[7]
History
editShizuishan used to be a center of local trade and eventually became a mining town.[8] In 1934, Shizuishan was occupied by the army of warlord Sun Dianying during his attempt to conquer Ningxia from the Ma clique. Sun set up a rival provincial government in the town,[9] but he was eventually defeated by Ningxia's official governor Ma Hongkui. Shizuishan was consequently returned to Ma's control.[10]
Administrative divisions
edit| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Xiao'erjing | Population (2003 est.) |
Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
| Dawukou District | 大武口区 | Dàwǔkǒu Qū | دَاوُکِو ٿِيُوِ | 230,000 | 1,007 | 228 |
| Huinong District | 惠农区 | Hùinóng Qū | خُوِنْو ٿِيُوِ | 200,000 | 1,088 | 184 |
| Pingluo County | 平罗县 | Píngluó Xiàn | پِئٍلُوَ ثِيًا | 290,000 | 2,608 | 111 |
Geography and climate
editShizuishan is located on the western bank of the Yellow River between latitudes 38° 21′ and 39° 25′ N and longitudes 105° 58′ and 106° 39′ E, spanning 88.8 km (55.2 mi) from east to west and 119.5 km (74.3 mi) from south to north.
Shizuishan experiences a cool arid climate (Köppen BWk) with freezing and very dry winters, alongside very warm to hot and somewhat wetter summers.
| Climate data for Shizuishan, elevation 1,127 m (3,698 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) |
17.7 (63.9) |
27.9 (82.2) |
35.3 (95.5) |
35.7 (96.3) |
39.0 (102.2) |
39.5 (103.1) |
36.8 (98.2) |
36.5 (97.7) |
27.7 (81.9) |
20.8 (69.4) |
16.6 (61.9) |
39.5 (103.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.1 (31.8) |
5.1 (41.2) |
12.3 (54.1) |
20.2 (68.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
30.1 (86.2) |
31.8 (89.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
24.4 (75.9) |
17.7 (63.9) |
8.7 (47.7) |
1.2 (34.2) |
17.2 (63.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.4 (18.7) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
4.9 (40.8) |
12.9 (55.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
23.4 (74.1) |
25.1 (77.2) |
23.0 (73.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
9.7 (49.5) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
10.1 (50.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −13.5 (7.7) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
5.4 (41.7) |
10.9 (51.6) |
15.9 (60.6) |
18.6 (65.5) |
17.0 (62.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−11.2 (11.8) |
3.6 (38.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.6 (−15.9) |
−26.8 (−16.2) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
−9.5 (14.9) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
11.6 (52.9) |
7.1 (44.8) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−17.4 (0.7) |
−25.6 (−14.1) |
−26.8 (−16.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.5 (0.06) |
1.9 (0.07) |
4.0 (0.16) |
4.8 (0.19) |
13.6 (0.54) |
27.0 (1.06) |
51.1 (2.01) |
31.8 (1.25) |
25.9 (1.02) |
8.1 (0.32) |
2.9 (0.11) |
0.7 (0.03) |
173.3 (6.82) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.8 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 4.2 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 7.6 | 6.7 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 45.4 |
| Average snowy days | 2.8 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 10.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 51 | 42 | 36 | 31 | 36 | 43 | 53 | 58 | 61 | 53 | 54 | 53 | 48 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 192.2 | 202.9 | 246.5 | 261.0 | 288.7 | 281.0 | 265.7 | 248.0 | 218.9 | 229.2 | 195.1 | 183.3 | 2,812.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 63 | 66 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 63 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 67 | 66 | 63 | 63 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[11][12] | |||||||||||||
Environmental issues
editShizuishan was once described[by whom?] as the best place to make a film about the end of the world.[citation needed] In 2005, the Chinese government blacklisted the city for its pollution problem and told local leaders to shut down the worst polluting industrial plants.[citation needed] Recently, the city has attempted to reinvent itself by initiating eco-friendly programs to reduce pollution, improving medical services, increasing tourism, and improve certain industries but pollution is still taking its toll on the people.[8]
Economy
editThe economy of Shizuishan is mainly based on coal mining, coking, and metallurgy. Agriculture, tourism, and viticulture also contribute to Shizuishan's economy.[8]
Education
editReferences
editCitations
edit- ^ Cox, W (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF). St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22.
- ^ Cox, W (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF). St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22.
- ^ 宁夏统计年鉴2016
- ^ Stanford (1917), p. 12 & xi.
- ^ Pereira (1911), p. 261.
- ^ Huc (2001), Carte.
- ^ a b c Jingli, Song (14 March 2013). "Shizuishan, a coal city to transform". China Daily. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
- ^ Jowett (2017), p. 217.
- ^ Jowett (2017), pp. 217, 218.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
Bibliography
edit- Huc, Évariste Régis (2001), Souvenirs d'un Voyage dans la Tartarie et le Thibet, Paris: Éditions Omnibus, reprint. (in French)
- Jowett, Philip S. (2017). The Bitter Peace: Conflict in China 1928–37. Stroud: Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1445651927.
- Pereira, George (March 1911), "A Journey across the Ordos", The Geographical Journal, vol. 37, London: Royal Geographical Society, pp. 260–264, doi:10.2307/1777398, JSTOR 1777398.
- Stanford, Edward (1917), Complete Atlas of China, 2nd ed., London: China Inland Mission.
- Teichman, Eric (1921), Travels of a Consular Officer in North-West China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.