Shlomo Zemach (Hebrew: שלמה צמח; 2 June 1886 – 6 November 1974) was an Israeli author, agriculturalist and early Zionist pioneer.
Shlomo Zemach שלמה צמח | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 2 June 1886 Płońsk, Poland, Russian Empire |
| Died | 6 November 1974 (aged 88) Israel |
| Resting place | Har HaMenuchot, Jerusalem |
| Language | Hebrew |
| Citizenship | Israeli |
| Notable awards | Bialik Prize (1944) Israel Prize (1965) |
Biography
editZemach was born in 1886 in Płońsk, Poland, then part of the Russian Empire, and was a descendant of Rabbi Avraham Gombiner (known as the "Magen Avraham") and his descendant, Rabbi Zvi Hirsch HaLevi of Plonsk (known as the "Plant (Zemach) of Avraham", from where Zemach's surname originates). His family was the wealthiest in Płońsk.[1] He was a childhood friend of David Ben-Gurion. Zemach received a traditional Jewish education at cheder and beit midrash. In 1900, at the age of 14, Ben-Gurion and Zemach founded a Zionist youth association in Płońsk, under the name Ezra Association, whose members spoke only Hebrew.
In 1904, Zemach was the first Zionist to emigrate from Płońsk to Ottoman Palestine using 300 rubles his father had entrusted him to take to the bank.[2][3] He worked as an agricultural worker for five years. In 1905, he was among the founders of the Hapoel Hatzair Zionist organisation. In 1906 he returned to Płońsk to make peace with his family and in early September travelled back to Palestine with Ben Gurion, Rachel Nelkin and her mother Shoshana.[4]
Whilst in Rehovot in 1908 he met a secretly married Hemda Polansky. She was from a wealthy family. They moved to Jerusalem to an apartment in Jerusalem owned by her brothers. They held literary salons and Ben Gurion was a regular visitor. In spring of 1911 they returned to Płońsk and divorced.[5] Zemach then studied agriculture, literature and philosophy in France. In 1914, he qualified as an agricultural engineer, and went to visit his parents' home in Płońsk, where he was caught up in the outbreak of the First World War. He was engaged in literary work in Warsaw and later on in Odessa. In 1921, he returned to then British-administered Palestine. He was employed as a teacher at the Mikveh Israel agricultural school and, in 1933, he was the principal founder of the Kadoorie Agricultural High School and served as its first headmaster.
He wrote a number of books and articles on agriculture. He was also a literary critic and edited the literary journal Maazanim.
Awards
edit- In 1944, Zemach was awarded the Bialik Prize for Literature, jointly with Yehuda Karni.[6]
- In 1955, he was awarded the Brenner Prize for Literature, jointly with Yeshuron Keshet.[7]
- In 1965, he was awarded the Israel Prize, in literature.[8]
Published works
edit- Elijah Margaret (Roman), Warsaw: Jewish Press, 1921.
- First year, published by Am Oved, 1952.
- Stories from the Life of the Land, published by Rubin Mass Press, 1939.
- Essay and Criticism, published by Dvir, 1954.
Further reading
edit- Thanks to a Friend from Plonsk, by Arieh (Buda) Bodenheimer, 2010. Tells the story of Zemach, including his relationship with Ben-Gurion.[9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Teveth, Shabtai (1987) Ben-Gurion. The Burning Ground. 1886-1948. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-35409-9. p.16
- ^ Teveth (1987). pp. 19,23
- ^ Segev, Tom (2018 - 2019 translation Haim Watzman) A State at Any Cost. The Life of David Ben-Gurion. Apollo. ISBN 9-781789-544633. p.41
- ^ Teveth, Shabtai (1987) Ben-Gurion. The Burning Ground. 1886-1948. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-35409-9. p.36
- ^ Teveth pp.72,75
- ^ "List of Bialik Prize recipients 1933-2004 (in Hebrew), Tel Aviv Municipality website" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 17, 2007.
- ^ Brenner Prize awarded to S. Zemach and Y. Keshet (in Hebrew) Davar newspaper, 7 January 1955 Archived 21 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Israel Prize recipients in 1965 (in Hebrew)". Israel Prize Official Site. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011.
- ^ ""בזכות החבר מפלונסק: מסעותי עם שלמה צמח ודוד בן גוריון" מאת אריה (בודה) בודנהיימר" [Thanks to a Friend from Plonsk, Book review]. Haaretz (in Hebrew). 18 August 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
External links
edit- Nurit Govrin (29 May 2006). "שתי פרדות: דוד בן-גוריון ושלמה צמח" [Two Mules: David Ben-Gurion and Shlomo Zemach]. Haaretz. Describes the relationship of friendship/rivalry between Ben-Gurion and Zemach from their childhood together in Plonsk continuing throughout their lives; analyzes Zemach's story "Razallah and Atarah" (1930) about two mules, and believed this to be an allegory of the writer's relationship with Ben-Gurion.