Aberdeen (/ˈæbərdiːn/ AB-ər-deen) is a city in Grays Harbor County, Washington, United States. The population was 17,013 at the 2020 census.[5] The city is the most populous in Grays Harbor County and the region's economic center, bordering the cities of Hoquiam and Cosmopolis. Aberdeen is occasionally referred to as the "Gateway to the Olympic Peninsula".
Aberdeen, Washington | |
|---|---|
 Downtown & Wishkah River from Route 101 | |
 Flag | |
| Nickname: Port of Missing Men | |
| Motto: | |
 Location of Aberdeen in Grays Harbor County | |
| Coordinates: 46°58′31.33″N 123°48′56.60″W / 46.9753694°N 123.8157222°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Washington |
| County | Grays Harbor |
| Founded | 1884 |
| Incorporated | May 12, 1890 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor–council |
| • Mayor | Douglas Orr |
| • Councilmembers | Ward 1: Melvin Taylor & Kacey Morrison Ward 2: David Gakin & John Maki Ward 3: Liz Ellis & Scott Prato Ward 4: Stan Sidor & Deb Hodgkin Ward 5: Joshua Francy & Debi Pieraccini Ward 6: David Lawrence & Sydney Swor |
| Area | |
| • City | 12.58 sq mi (32.57 km2) |
| • Land | 10.87 sq mi (28.16 km2) |
| • Water | 1.70 sq mi (4.41 km2) |
| Elevation | 10 ft (3 m) |
| Population | |
| • City | 17,013 |
| • Estimate (2023)[6] | 17,014 |
| • Density | 1,564.87/sq mi (604.19/km2) |
| • Urban | 26,603[3] |
| • Metro | 77,290 |
| Demonym | Aberdonian |
| Time zone | UTC−8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−7 (PDT) |
| ZIP Code | 98520 |
| Area code(s) | 360 and 564 |
| FIPS code | 53-00100 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1511950[4] |
| Website | aberdeenwa.gov |
History
edit
Samuel Benn, a New York City native, established a homestead on the Chehalis River in 1859 and later platted a town at the site named Aberdeen. According to accounts collected by historian Edmond S. Meany, the name has two possible origins: from the Ilwaco-based Aberdeen Packing Company, which opened a cannery on the homestead in 1873;[7] or from the Scottish city of Aberdeen, named by an early settler who had lived in Scotland.[8] Like the Scottish city, Aberdeen is a port settlement situated at the mouth of two rivers—the Chehalis and the Wishkah.[7] An earlier name for the settlement was Heraville, which was recorded by Benn.[7]
The city was founded by Samuel Benn in 1884 and incorporated on May 12, 1890. Although it became the largest and best-known city in Grays Harbor, Aberdeen lagged behind nearby Hoquiam and Cosmopolis in its early years. When A.J. West built the town's first sawmill in 1894, the other two municipalities had been in business for several years. Aberdeen and its neighbors vied to be the terminus for Northern Pacific Railroad, but instead of ending at one of the established mill towns, the railroad skimmed through Cosmopolis and headed west for Ocosta.[7] Hoquiam and Aberdeen citizens together built a spur; in 1895, the line connected Northern Pacific tracks to Aberdeen.[9]
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By 1900, Aberdeen had become home to many saloons, brothels, and gambling establishments. It was nicknamed "The Hellhole of the Pacific", as well as "The Port of Missing Men" due to its high murder rate. One notable resident was Billy Gohl, known locally as Billy "Ghoul", who was rumored to have killed at least 140 men, disposing of the bodies in the Wishkah River.[10] Gohl was ultimately convicted of two murders.[11]
Aberdeen was hit hard during the Great Depression, which saw the number of major local sawmills reduce from 37 to 9. The timber industry continued to boom, but by the late 1970s most of this resource had been logged and by the early 1990s the industry was decimated due to resource reduction. Local political and business leaders ignored this fact and did not pursue economic diversification.[12] Most of the mills had closed down by the 1970s and 1980s.
Aberdeen is also the home port of the tall ship Lady Washington, a reproduction of a smaller vessel used by the explorer Captain Robert Gray, featured in the Pirates of the Caribbean film The Curse of the Black Pearl.
Geography
editAberdeen is at the eastern end of Grays Harbor, near the mouth of the Chehalis River and southwest of the Olympic Mountains. Grays Harbor is notable as the northernmost ria on North America's Pacific Coast because it has remained free of glaciers throughout the Quaternary due to unfavorable topography and warm temperatures. It is thought that, during glacial periods of the Quaternary, the Chehalis River was a major refugium for aquatic species, as was the west coast from the Olympic Peninsula southward for plants that later formed the northern part of the Pacific temperate rainforest in formerly glaciated areas.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.58 square miles (32.58 km2), of which 10.87 square miles (28.15 km2) is land and 1.70 square miles (4.40 km2) is water.[2]
Climate
editAberdeen experiences a climate on the boundary between Mediterranean (Köppen Csb) and oceanic (Köppen Cfb). Although rainfall is extremely high between October and March, July and August still have a distinct excess of evaporation over rainfall. Temperatures are generally very mild due to the proximity of the warm Pacific Ocean and the Kuroshio Current. Snow is very common but usually light, with one exception being December 1964 during which 22.3 inches or 0.57 metres fell. Occasionally, southeasterly winds can cause very high temperatures. For example, in August 1981, the temperature in Aberdeen reached 105 °F (40.6 °C).
| Climate data for Aberdeen, Washington, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1891–2022) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 66 (19) |
73 (23) |
82 (28) |
88 (31) |
92 (33) |
96 (36) |
105 (41) |
105 (41) |
100 (38) |
86 (30) |
73 (23) |
63 (17) |
108 (42) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 55.8 (13.2) |
60.6 (15.9) |
67.6 (19.8) |
73.9 (23.3) |
81.4 (27.4) |
81.9 (27.7) |
84.5 (29.2) |
87.1 (30.6) |
85.0 (29.4) |
75.6 (24.2) |
61.1 (16.2) |
55.6 (13.1) |
92.2 (33.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 47.8 (8.8) |
50.3 (10.2) |
53.3 (11.8) |
56.6 (13.7) |
61.4 (16.3) |
64.7 (18.2) |
68.2 (20.1) |
69.3 (20.7) |
68.7 (20.4) |
61.0 (16.1) |
52.3 (11.3) |
47.0 (8.3) |
58.4 (14.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 42.5 (5.8) |
43.5 (6.4) |
45.8 (7.7) |
48.8 (9.3) |
54.0 (12.2) |
58.0 (14.4) |
61.2 (16.2) |
61.8 (16.6) |
59.9 (15.5) |
52.9 (11.6) |
45.9 (7.7) |
41.7 (5.4) |
51.3 (10.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 37.3 (2.9) |
36.7 (2.6) |
38.4 (3.6) |
41.1 (5.1) |
46.6 (8.1) |
51.2 (10.7) |
54.2 (12.3) |
54.4 (12.4) |
51.1 (10.6) |
44.8 (7.1) |
39.6 (4.2) |
36.5 (2.5) |
44.3 (6.8) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 27.2 (−2.7) |
27.6 (−2.4) |
30.3 (−0.9) |
32.9 (0.5) |
37.6 (3.1) |
44.1 (6.7) |
48.2 (9.0) |
47.9 (8.8) |
43.1 (6.2) |
34.7 (1.5) |
29.3 (−1.5) |
26.8 (−2.9) |
23.2 (−4.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 6 (−14) |
8 (−13) |
18 (−8) |
20 (−7) |
25 (−4) |
32 (0) |
34 (1) |
36 (2) |
30 (−1) |
19 (−7) |
11 (−12) |
6 (−14) |
6 (−14) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 13.93 (354) |
8.58 (218) |
9.76 (248) |
6.28 (160) |
3.46 (88) |
2.40 (61) |
0.91 (23) |
1.52 (39) |
2.73 (69) |
8.27 (210) |
13.72 (348) |
13.38 (340) |
84.94 (2,157) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.5 (1.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 inch) | 22.2 | 18.6 | 21.7 | 19.1 | 13.6 | 12.4 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 9.4 | 17.6 | 21.5 | 22.5 | 192.1 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
| Source: NOAA[13][14] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1890 | 1,638 | — | |
| 1900 | 3,747 | 128.8% | |
| 1910 | 13,660 | 264.6% | |
| 1920 | 15,337 | 12.3% | |
| 1930 | 21,723 | 41.6% | |
| 1940 | 18,846 | −13.2% | |
| 1950 | 19,653 | 4.3% | |
| 1960 | 18,741 | −4.6% | |
| 1970 | 18,489 | −1.3% | |
| 1980 | 18,739 | 1.4% | |
| 1990 | 16,565 | −11.6% | |
| 2000 | 16,461 | −0.6% | |
| 2010 | 16,896 | 2.6% | |
| 2020 | 17,013 | 0.7% | |
| 2023 (est.) | 17,014 | [6] | 0.0% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[15] 2020 Census[5] | |||
As of the 2022 American Community Survey, there are 6,441 estimated households in Aberdeen with an average of 2.59 persons per household. The city has a median household income of $50,008. Approximately 21.0% of the city's population lives at or below the poverty line. Aberdeen has an estimated 54.6% employment rate, with 16.6% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 84.8% holding a high school diploma.[16]
The top five reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were English (83.7), Spanish (14.1%), Other Indo-European (0.5%), Asian and Pacific Islander (0.9%), and Other (0.8%).
The median age in the city was 37.1 years.
2020 census
edit| Race / ethnicity (NH = non-Hispanic) | Pop. 2000[17] | Pop. 2010[18] | Pop. 2020[19] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 13,530 | 12,610 | 11,530 | 82.19% | 74.63% | 67.77% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 62 | 118 | 202 | 0.38% | 0.70% | 1.19% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 552 | 515 | 540 | 3.35% | 3.05% | 3.17% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 331 | 302 | 308 | 2.01% | 1.79% | 1.81% |
| Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 21 | 45 | 32 | 0.13% | 0.27% | 0.19% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 16 | 19 | 91 | 0.10% | 0.11% | 0.53% |
| Mixed race or multiracial (NH) | 431 | 609 | 1,102 | 2.62% | 3.60% | 6.48% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 1,518 | 2,678 | 3,208 | 9.22% | 15.85% | 18.86% |
| Total | 16,461 | 16,896 | 17,013 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2020 census, there were 17,013 people, 6,449 households, and 3,881 families residing in the city.[20] The population density was 1,564.7 inhabitants per square mile (604.1/km2). There were 7,236 housing units at an average density of 665.5 inhabitants per square mile (257.0/km2). The racial makeup was 72.19% White, 1.31% African American, 4.01% Native American, 1.85% Asian, 0.21% Pacific Islander, 9.59% from some other races and 10.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 18.86% of the population.[21] 26.1% of residents were under the age of 18, 6.2% were under 5 years of age, and 17.6% were 65 and older.
2010 census
editAs of the 2010 census, there were 16,896 people, 6,476 households, and 4,020 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,586.0 inhabitants per square mile (612.4/km2). There were 7,338 housing units at an average density of 689.0 per square mile (266.0/km2). The racial makeup was 80.40% White, 0.80% African American, 3.65% Native American, 1.89% Asian, 0.29% Pacific Islander, 8.04% from some other races and 4.93% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 15.85% of the population.
There were 6,476 households, of which 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.9% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no spouse present, 7.1% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 37.9% were non-families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.10.
The median age in the city was 35.6 years. 24.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.8% were from 25 to 44; 26% were from 45 to 64; and 13% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.8% male and 50.2% female.
2000 census
editAs of the 2000 census, there were 16,461 people, 6,517 households, and 4,112 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,548.8 inhabitants per square mile (598.0/km2). There were 7,536 housing units at an average density of 709.1 inhabitants per square mile (273.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 84.87% White, 0.47% African American, 3.70% Native American, 2.10% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 5.15% from some other races, and 3.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 9.22% of the population. 16.4% were of German, 9.3% English, 9.3% American, 8.7% Irish and 5.9% Norwegian ancestry. 90.2% spoke only English, while 7.7% spoke Spanish at home.
There were 6,517 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.9% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.05.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $30,683, and the median income for a family was $37,966. Males had a median income of $32,710 versus $20,446 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,092. About 16.1% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.7% of those under age 18 and 9.6% of those ages 65 or over.
Crime
edit| Aberdeen | |
|---|---|
| Crime rates* (2023) | |
| Violent crimes | |
| Homicide | 0 |
| Rape | 21 |
| Robbery | 14 |
| Aggravated assault | 42 |
| Total violent crime | 77 |
| Property crimes | |
| Burglary | 82 |
| Larceny-theft | 435 |
| Motor vehicle theft | 64 |
| Arson | 6 |
| Total property crime | 587 |
Notes *Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population. 2023 population: 17,014 Source: 2023 FBI UCR Data | |
According to the Uniform Crime Report statistics compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 2023, there were 77 violent crimes and 587 property crimes per 100,000 residents. Of these, the violent crimes consisted of 0 murder, 21 forcible rapes, 14 robberies and 42 aggravated assaults, while 82 burglaries, 435 larceny-thefts, 64 motor vehicle thefts and 6 acts of arson defined the property offenses.
Industry
editAberdeen and the rest of Grays Harbor remain dependent on timber, fishing, and tourism industries and as a regional service center for much of the Olympic Peninsula.[citation needed] Grays Harbor Community Hospital employees total more than 600 workers.[22] Historically the area is dependent on harvesting and exporting natural resources. The Port of Grays Harbor is the largest coastal shipping port north of California.[citation needed] It is still a center for the export of logs on the west coast of the U.S. and has become one of the largest centers for the shipment of autos[23] and grains to China and Korea.[citation needed]
On December 19, 2005, Weyerhaeuser made plans to close the Aberdeen large-log sawmill and the Cosmopolis pulp mill, and the closures took effect in early 2006. This resulted in the loss of at least 342 jobs. In January 2009, Weyerhaeuser closed two additional plants in Aberdeen, resulting in another 221 lost jobs. In both cases many employees were not told by Weyerhaeuser management, but learned about the closures from local radio stations who received a press release prior to a scheduled press conference.[24]
Major employers in Grays Harbor include Westport Shipyard, Sierra Pacific Industries, the Quinault Indian Nation, The Simpson Door Company, Hoquiam Plywood, Pasha Automotive, Willis Enterprises, Ocean Gold Companies, Vaughn Company, and the Stafford Creek Corrections Center, a state prison which opened in 2000.[25]
Other significant employers include the cranberry-growing cooperative Ocean Spray, worldwide retailer Walmart, Sidhu & Sons Nursery USA, Inc. (AKA Briggs Nursery), Overstock.com, and Washington Crab Producers.[22]
In 2007, Imperium Renewables of Seattle invested $40 million in the construction of the biodiesel plant at the Port of Grays Harbor. It is estimated the plant will produce as much as 100 million US gallons (380,000 m3) of biodiesel fuel made from plants and vegetable material annually.[26]
In September 2010, the Weyerhaeuser Cosmopolis Pulp Mill was purchased by the Beverly Hills-based Gores Group and restarted as Cosmo Specialty Fibers, Inc. They started production of pulp on May 1, 2011.[27]
Retail
editThe city had two indoor shopping malls that were developed in the 1970s and early 1980s. The Wishkah Mall east of downtown Aberdeen opened in August 1976 on the riverfront and was followed in August 1981 by the South Shore Mall, which was south of the Chehalis River.[28][29] The newer South Shore Mall had 350,000 square feet (33,000 m2) and space for 80 retailers, including anchor tenants Sears and J.C. Penney following their relocation from downtown.[29][30] It was renamed to the Shoppes at Riverside in 2016 and closed on February 13, 2021, following an engineering report that found the soil under the foundation had settled and would pose structural risks.[31] A movie theater and fun center remain open in two of the four anchor spaces at the mall, which is owned by Coming Attractions Theaters.[31]
Education
edit
The city's school district has two high schools: J. M. Weatherwax High School, or Aberdeen High School as it is now called; and Harbor High School, an alternative high school with an enrollment exceeding 200 students. Aberdeen High has a long-time school sports rivalry with nearby Hoquiam High School.[32]
In 2002, the Weatherwax building of Aberdeen High School, built in 1909, burned to the ground in an act of arson.[33] The new building was completed in 2007 and held its grand opening on August 25, 2007.[34]
Aberdeen School District also consists of one junior high: Miller Junior High; five elementary schools: Central Park Elementary, McDermoth Elementary, Stevens Elementary, AJ West Elementary and Robert Gray Elementary; and one Roman Catholic parochial school: St. Mary's Catholic School.
Aberdeen is home to Grays Harbor College, located in south Aberdeen, and is represented by the Charlie Choker mascot. The college emphasizes student opportunities and has resources to help students transfer to a four-year college to complete a degree.
Aberdeen has the largest public library in Grays Harbor County, which is operated as part of the Timberland Regional Library system. The city originally had a Carnegie library that was opened in 1908 and replaced in 1966 by the current building, which underwent extensive renovations in 2000.[35]
The city's museum was located in a historic armory building that was built in 1922. The building and the museum's collections were destroyed in a major fire in June 2018, including an exhibit on Nirvana. It was the latest of several major fires to have affected Aberdeen.[36]
Notable people
edit- Robert Arthur, actor, gay rights activist
- Elton Bennett, artist
- Mark Bruener, NFL football player [37]
- Trisha Brown, choreographer
- Jeff Burlingame, author[38]
- Robert Cantwell, novelist
- Colin Cowherd, sports media personality
- Bryan Danielson, professional wrestler
- Calvin Fixx, writer
- Lee Friedlander, artist, photographer
- Billy Gohl, labor organizer, alleged serial killer
- Carrie Goldberg, attorney, author
- Victor Grinich, pioneer of Silicon Valley
- Gary Steven Krist, criminal (Barbara Mackle kidnapping)[39]
- Walt Morey, writer, creator of Gentle Ben
- Robert Motherwell, painter of New York School
- Ed Murray, politician, Mayor of Seattle in 2014-17
- Peter Norton, author, computer programmer, founded Peter Norton Computing
- Douglas Osheroff, winner of Nobel Prize in Physics
- Craig Raymond, basketball player, 12th pick of 1967 NBA draft
- Wesley Carl Uhlman, politician
- Hank Woon, author, game designer, screenwriter
- John Workman, writer, artist
- Yukon Eric, professional wrestler
Musicians
edit- Kurt Cobain, of Nirvana
- Dale Crover, of Melvins
- Chris Freeman, of Pansy Division
- Matt Lukin, of Melvins
- Krist Novoselic, of Nirvana
- Patrick Simmons, of The Doobie Brothers
- Kurdt Vanderhoof, of Metal Church, the Lewd, and Presto Ballet
- Leroy Virgil, of Hellbound Glory
Sister cities
edit
References
edit- ^ "City Council". City of Aberdeen, Washington. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- ^ a b "2024 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- ^ United States Census Bureau (October 30, 2024). "2020 Census Qualifying Urban Areas and Final Criteria Clarifications". Federal Register.
- ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Aberdeen, Washington
- ^ a b c "Explore Census Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
- ^ a b "City and Town Population Totals: 2020–2023". United States Census Bureau. October 30, 2024. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- ^ a b c d Ott, Jennifer (November 2, 2009). "Aberdeen — Thumbnail History". HistoryLink. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
- ^ Meany, Edmond S. (1923). Origin of Washington Geographic Names. University of Washington Press. p. 1. OCLC 1963675. Retrieved February 26, 2024 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ "Aberdeen, Washington, United States". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
- ^ "There's more to the Bill Gohl story than you know". The Daily World. December 16, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
- ^ "Billy Gohl of Grays Harbor". Tacoma Public Library. Archived from the original on October 24, 2008. Retrieved September 6, 2007.
- ^ "History of Aberdeen". City of Aberdeen. Archived from the original on May 27, 2019. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
- ^ "NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
- ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Aberdeen, WA". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved February 17, 2023.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Aberdeen city, Washington". www.census.gov. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Aberdeen city, Washington". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Aberdeen city, Washington". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Aberdeen city, Washington". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- ^ "US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- ^ "How many people live in Tukwila city, Washington". USA Today. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
- ^ a b "Major Employers". Greater Grays Harbor. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
- ^ "Auto Exports Increase At Port Of Grays Harbor". Port of Grays Harbor Newsroom. November 2011. Archived from the original on October 21, 2019. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
- ^ White, Callie (January 26, 2009). "Weyerhaeuser closes Aberdeen sawmill, Pacific Veneer". The Daily World.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Grays Harbor Workforce". Greater Grays Harbor Inc. 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
- ^ "Imperium Renewables Celebrates Opening of Nation's Largest Biodiesel Production Facility" (PDF). Imperium Renewables Inc. August 15, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2015. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
- ^ "The Gores Group Acquires Cosmopolis Mill from Weyerhaeuser". Weyerhaeuser News Room. September 16, 2010. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
- ^ Hammock, Dan (August 28, 2018). "In 1993, Price Plus remodel included deli and drive up espresso window". The Daily World. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
- ^ a b Beorse, Bryn (August 19, 1981). "Financially depressed town 'malled'". The Spokesman-Review. p. C13. Retrieved December 19, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Hammock, Dan (March 8, 2021). "Shoppes at Riverside tenants have until March 21 to clear out their shops". The Daily World. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
- ^ a b Hammock, Dan (March 16, 2021). "Engineering report paints bleak picture of future of Shoppes at Riverside". The Daily World. Retrieved December 19, 2022.
- ^ Ronco, Ed (November 27, 2013). "In Grays Harbor County, High School Rivalry Helps Feed Hungry". KNKX. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- ^ "Teens charged in school fire". Daily Herald. Associated Press. January 11, 2002. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- ^ "Aberdeen School District #5, Weatherwax, J.M., High School #1, Aberdeen, WA". Pacific Coast Architecture Database. University of Washington. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- ^ "Aberdeen Timberland Library". Timberland Regional Library. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
- ^ Lacitis, Erik (June 15, 2018). "Huge Aberdeen fire steals thousands of pieces of town history, including a Kurt Cobain exhibit". The Seattle Times. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
- ^ "Aberdeen Bobcat Hall of Fame". Aberdeen High School. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
- ^ Hammock, Dan (June 26, 2017). "Aberdeen Founders Day celebration starts Friday evening". The Daily World. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
- ^ Fennesy, Emmis (November 2006). "The Talented Dr. Krist". Atlanta. Emmis Communications. pp. 118, 181. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
- ^ a b "Sister City Relationships: Annex A: Sister Relations in Washington State (USA)". Australia-China Chamber of Commerce and Industry of New South Wales. 2001. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
Further reading
edit- Jeff Burlingame, "Kurt Cobain: 'Oh Well, Whatever, Nevermind'" Enslow Publishers, 2006.
- Jeff Burlingame, "Moon Olympic Peninsula" Avalon Travel, 2012.
- Anne Cotton, "The History of Aberdeen," Grays Harbor Regional Planning Commission, 1982.
- John C. Hughes & Ryan Teague Beckwith, "On the Harbor: From Black Friday to Nirvana," Stephens Press, LLC. 2005.
- Murray Morgan, "The Last Wilderness," Viking Press, 1955.
- Ed Van Syckle, "The River Pioneers," Pacific Search Press, 1982.
- Ed Van Syckle, "They Tried to Cut It All," Pacific Search Press, 1980.
- Robert A. Weinstein, "Grays Harbor, 1885-1913", Viking Press, 1978
- John Workman, "The Third Man" chapter in "Against the Grain: Mad Artist Wallace Wood" compiled by Bhob Stewart, TwoMorrows Publishing, 2003.
- John Workman, "Betty Being Bad" Fantagraphics Books, 1990.
External links
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