New Zealander Sikhs number over 53,000 people and account for 1.1% of New Zealand's population as of 2023, forming the country's fastest-growing and fifth-largest religious group. New Zealand has the world's third-largest Sikh proportion behind Canada (2.1%) and India (1.7%). While there are Sikhs in all sixteen regions of New Zealand, over half of Sikhs lived in Auckland Region in 2018.
.svg) | |
 | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 53,406[1] 1.07% of the total New Zealander population (2023) | |
| Languages | |
| New Zealand English • Punjabi Hindi • Urdu • Māori | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 2,061 | — |
| 1996 | 2,817 | +36.7% |
| 2001 | 5,199 | +84.6% |
| 2006 | 9,507 | +82.9% |
| 2013 | 19,191 | +101.9% |
| 2018 | 40,908 | +113.2% |
| 2023 | 53,406 | +30.6% |
| [2][3] | ||
The first Sikhs arrived in New Zealand in 1890,[4] but the Immigration Act of 1899 prevented any large-scale migration.[5][6] In 1987, racial exclusion was scrapped and a race-neutral, points-based immigration system was introduced;[7] by 1991 there were 2,061 Sikhs in New Zealand. Between 2013 and 2018, the number of Sikhs grew by 113% from 19,191 to 40,908, making Sikhism the fastest-growing religion and on pace to eclipse Islam and Buddhism by 2023 at the time.[1][8] However, the crackdown on student visas and low-skilled workers starting in 2017 stifled Sikh population growth.[9] Between 2018 and 2023, the New Zealander Sikh population grew by 31%, failing to eclipse Islam and Buddhism although remaining the fastest-growing religion.[1]
History
editSmall numbers of Sikh immigrants from Punjab settled in New Zealand from the late 1800s. Large-scale Sikh immigration began after changes to immigration policies in the 1980s. The New Zealand Sikh Society was established in 1964 and first Sikh Gurdwara opened in 1977.[10]
Sikh communities
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The first identifiable Sikhs to arrive in New Zealand were two brothers - Phuman Singh and Bir Singh Gill from the Moga district of Punjab. Bir Singh was a herbalist who married and lived amongst the Māori on the North Island.[11] A small wave of Sikhs arrived in New Zealand between 1890 and 1910; mostly immigrants from Punjab.[4] Most Sikhs settled in Waikato, Auckland, Wellington, or Christchurch.
There is a significant history of many Sikhs being dairy farmers throughout New Zealand,[citation needed] many of them being great pioneers. The majority are in the Waikato region and have been there for many generations. Much hard work was undertaken in terms of clearing scrub and tea trees to convert to farmland in the early years. Embracing the Māori culture was also an important aspect. Many of these farmers are well respected within and outside the community for the significant contribution they have made.
With the Sikh community in New Zealand increasing, the New Zealand Sikh Society was developed in 1964, and the first gurdwara was built in Hamilton in 1977 and another in 1986 in Ōtāhuhu. With the increasing number of Sikhs in New Zealand, an increasing number of gurdwaras have been established across the country.[12]
The number of people affiliating with the Sikh religion more than quadrupled since 2006. Papatoetoe in Auckland is considered to be the area with the most Sikhs in New Zealand and it has three sikh Gurudwaras in the suburb.
Demographics
edit
| Region | 2018 New Zealand census[13] | |
|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | |
| Auckland | 23,832 | 1.52% |
| Bay of Plenty | 4,842 | 1.57% |
| Waikato | 4,074 | 0.89% |
| Canterbury | 2,973 | 0.5% |
| Wellington | 1,647 | 0.32% |
| Hawke's Bay | 1,347 | 0.81% |
| Otago | 510 | 0.23% |
| Manawatū-Whanganui | 447 | 0.19% |
| Northland | 315 | 0.18% |
| Taranaki | 234 | 0.2% |
| Southland | 210 | 0.22% |
| Gisborne | 171 | 0.36% |
| Marlborough | 123 | 0.26% |
| Nelson | 102 | 0.2% |
| Tasman | 51 | 0.1% |
| West Coast | 33 | 0.1% |
 New Zealand
|
40,908 | 0.87% |
Gurdwaras
edit
The New Zealand Central Sikh Association, a centralised representative Sikh body comprising 25 Gurdwaras and various other organisation from across New Zealand was officially formed on 18 September 2022 at the Sikh Library in Takanini.[14]
This is a list of Gurdwaras in New Zealand.
| Name | Location | Region | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Begampura Gurdwara | 1/9 Vernon St, Papakura 2110 | Auckland | |
| Gurdwara Dukh Niwaran Sahib Papakura | 7/46 Broadway, Papakura 2110 | Auckland | |
| Gurdwara Jagat Guru Nanak Sahib | 29 Kilmarnock St, Riccarton, Christchurch 8011 | Canterbury | |
| Gurdwara Mata Sahib Kaur | 23 Bryant Rd, Te Rapa, Hamilton 3200 | Waikato | |
| Gurdwara Shri Fateh Sahib | Botanical Rd, West End, Palmerston North 4412 | Manawatu-Wanganui | |
| Gurdwara Shri Guru Ravidass Temple Hastings | 193 Havelock Nth Road, Hastings | Hawke's Bay | |
| Gurdwara Sikh Sangat Tauranga | 43 Burrows St, Tauranga South, Tauranga 3112 | Bay of Plenty | |
| Gurdwara Singh Sabha Christchurch | 537 Ferry Rd, Woolston, Christchurch 8023 | Canterbury | |
| Gurdwara Sri Dasmesh Darbar | 158 Kolmar Rd, Papatoetoe 2025 | Auckland | |
| Gurdwara Sri Guru Amardas Sahib Ji | 24 Ward Ave, Fenton Park, Rotorua 3010 | Bay of Plenty | |
| Gurdwara Sri Guru Hargobind Sahib Patshahi 6 | 84 Lady Ruby Dr, Dannemora 2013 | Auckland | |
| Gurdwara Sri Guru Harkrishan Sahib | 3034 Great North Rd, New Lynn 0600 | Auckland | |
| Gurdwara Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji Otahuhu | 120 Princes St, Otahuhu 1062 | Auckland | |
| Gurdwara Sri Guru Ravidas Temple | 1998 Great S Rd, Bombay 2675 | Auckland | |
| Gurdwara Sri Guru Teg Bahadur Ji | 24 Dunnotar Rd, Papatoetoe 2025 | Auckland | |
| Gurdwara Sri Kalgidhar Sahib Takanini | 70 Takanini School Rd, Takanini 2112 | Auckland | |
| Gurdwara Sri Kalgidhar Sahib Tauranga | 322 Cheyne Rd, Pyes Pa 3112 | Bay of Plenty | |
| Hastings Gurdwara | 402 Eastbourne St E, Hastings 4122 | Hawke's Bay | |
| Linwood Gurdwara | 692 Gloucester St, Linwood, Christchurch 8062 | Canterbury | |
| Nanaksar Thath Isher Darbar | 100 Great South Rd, Manurewa 2102 | Auckland | |
| New Zealand Sikh Society Hamilton | 6391 Te Rapa Rd, Horotiu 3288 | Waikato | |
| North Shore Gurdwara | 128 Sunnybrae Rd, Hillcrest 0627 | Auckland | |
| Palmerston North Gurdwara | 7 Amesbury St, Palmerston North 4410 | Manawatu-Wanganui | |
| Sri Guru Singh Sabha | 127 Shirley Rd, Papatoetoe 2025 | Auckland | |
| Wellington Gurudwara | 4-10 Vogel St, Naenae, Lower Hutt 5011 | Wellington | |
| Whangarei Gurudwara Sahib | 23 Water St, Whangarei 0110 | Northland |
Notable Sikhs
edit- Ish Sodhi – Cricketer for New Zealand National Team
- Kanwal Singh Bakshi – Former National Party MP
- Parmjeet Parmar - ACT MP
- Kharag Singh - Labour candidate for MP
- Sukhi Turner – Former mayor of Dunedin
- Bhupinder Singh - Former Cricketer for Auckland cricket team
- Amandeep Singh - Former Cricketer for Canterbury Wizards
- Phomen Singh- Early Sikh migrant to New Zealand (circa 1890)
- Jagt Singh- WWI soldier for New Zealand Army
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b c "Totals by topic for individuals, (NZ total), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ Table 28, 2006 Census Data – QuickStats About Culture and Identity – Tables Archived 2017-10-11 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "2013 Census totals by topic". archive.stats.govt.nz.
- ^ a b McLeod, W. H. "Dictionary of New Zealand Biography". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
- ^ "1881–1914: restrictions on Chinese and others". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
- ^ Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/1367/19th-century-indian-immigrants.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Immigration Act 1987". New Zealand Legislation. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ "Sikhs in New Zealand have quadrupled in number since 2006". October 3, 2019.
Sikhism is booming faster than any other major religion in New Zealand, having more than doubled its number of followers here since 2013 – and more than quadrupled since 2006. [...] About 41,000 Sikhs now live here, according to the latest census figures. Sikhism has fewer followers in New Zealand than Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism. But if all five faiths keep growing (or shrinking) at the same rates they did between 2013 and 2018, Sikhs will overtake Buddhists and Muslims in population by the next census.
- ^ "Sikhs in New Zealand have quadrupled in number since 2006". October 3, 2019.
But Labour's crackdown on low-skilled migrants and those on student visas, in 2017, had a major impact on Sikh migrants, he said. And Dr Singh doesn't expect the religion will have doubled in size again by 2023, due to "the main avenues of entering the country being shut".
- ^ Morris, Paul. "Diverse religions - Sikhs". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
- ^ "Our Communities: Punjabis – indiannewslink.co.nz". www.indiannewslink.co.nz. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
- ^ "Welcome to the NZSikh Society". Archived from the original on 2010-04-15. Retrieved 2010-03-20.
- ^ "Religious affiliations in the Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand". Figure NZ Trust. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Raman, Venkat (18 September 2022). "Sikhs create a national body to foster unity and representation". Indian Newslink. Retrieved 19 September 2022.
Further reading
edit- McLeod, W. H. (1986). Punjabis in New Zealand: A History of Punjabi Migration, 1890-1940. Guru Nanak Dev University.