Simultaneous art is a style of art that uses multiple, simultaneous discordant and confusing sensations and narratives to create art that was an experience, rather than an object. Each spectator's experience is a construct of multiple, simultaneous elements. The "meaning" of the art is indeterminate. Rather than leading the spectators to understanding, they would be led only to the crossroads; the juxtaposition of simultaneous elements would create the possibility of multiple meanings. Early 20th century French poet Guillaume Apollinaire is credited as a pioneer of simultaneous art.[1]
Theater
editApollinaire influenced the work of architect Eduard Autant and his wife Louise Lara, who helped spread the ideas to architects Auguste Perret and Robert Mallet-Stevens. These architects shared similar ideas about modernism influenced by Marxist inspired concepts of collective space. Drawing on classical tradition of the theater as a space for vision, and audience as spectator, Autant and Lara re-conceptualized the roles of theater director and architect. The "meaning" of the art is indeterminate; the juxtaposition of simultaneous elements presents multiple possible meanings resolved by the participation of performers and spectators.[1]
Film
editParallel editing is a filmmaking technique that was first used by D.W. Griffith in A Corner of Wheat (1909) to show simultaneous responses to an event. In The Birth of a Nation (1914) Griffith used a technique called contrast editing to depict a fast-paced sequence where simultaneous scenes converge. Griffith had tried something similar in The Lonely Villa (1909), but with less success. His film Intolerence (1916) was even more ambitious; the simultaneous action developed in alternating sequences included the Fall of Babylon, the conflict between Jesus and the Pharisees, and the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.[2]
Video games
editThe video games Wind Waker (2002) and Skyward Sword (2011) have borrowed from film studies and applied simultaneous art techniques to their soundtracks. Technological advances have allowed for the environmental score to exist alongside music played on an in-game harp. Multiple musical elements produced simultaneously can impact gameplay by providing audio cues that are related to in game actions. When the game's audio elements are modular, each playthrough can produce a unique score. The modules can be combined smoothly, or timbre and other techniques can be used to induce a jarring sense of disconnection or dissonance.[3]
References
edit- ^ a b Read, Gray (2014). Modern Architecture in Theatre: The Experiments of Art et Action. Palgrave MacMillan. p. 3. ISBN 9781349474752. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
- ^ Kern, Stephen (2003). The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918: With a New Preface. Harvard University Press. p. 30. ISBN 9780674021693. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
- ^ Music In Video Games: Studying Play. Routledge. 2014-03-26. p. 118. ISBN 9781134692040. Retrieved 31 July 2019.