A slate is a thin piece of hard flat material, historically slate stone, which is used as a medium for writing.
Usage
editThe writing slate consisted of a piece of slate, typically either 4x6 inches or 7x10 inches, encased in a wooden frame.[1] Split slate was prepared by scraping with a steel edge, grinding with a flat stone and, finally, polishing with a mix of slate powder in water. Pencils were of a softer stone, such as shale, chalk or soapstone.[2] In 1853 Charles Goodyear patented a compound of hard-vulcanised rubber with powdered porcelain, from which to make white pencils for writing on slates.[3]
Usually, a piece of cloth or slate sponge was used to clean it and this was sometimes attached with a string to the bottom of the writing slate.
History
editThe exact origins of the writing slate remain unclear. References to its use can be found in the fourteenth century and evidence suggests that it was used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The central time period for the writing slate, however, "appears to begin in the later eighteenth century, when developments in sea and land transport permitted the gradual expansion of slate quarrying in Wales and the growth of a substantial slate workshop industry."[4]
By the nineteenth century, writing slates were used around the world in nearly every school and were a central part of the slate industry. At the dawn of the twentieth century, writing slates were the primary tool in the classroom for students. In the 1930s (or later) writing slates began to be replaced by more modern methods.[5] However, writing slates did not become obsolete. They are still made in the twenty-first century, though in small quantities.
The writing slate was sometimes used by industry workers to track goods and by sailors to calculate their geographical location at sea. Sometimes multiple pieces of slate were bound together into a "book" and horizontal lines were etched onto the slate surface as a guide for neat handwriting.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Standard Sizes of Blackboard Slate", U.S Department of Commerce: National Bureau of Standards (1966), 3.
- ^ Gwyn, David (2015). Welsh slate: archaeology and history of an industry. Aberystwyth: Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-871184-5-56.
- ^ Specifications relating to India Rubber (Caoutchouc) and Gutta Percha, including air, fire, and water proofing. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. 1859. p. 343.
- ^ Davies, 63.
- ^ Davies, 64-65.
- ^ Davies, 63-64.
Sources
edit- Davies, Peter (2005). "Writing Slates and Schooling". Australasian Historical Archaeology. 23: 63–69. JSTOR 29544535.
- Standard Sizes of Blackboard Slate. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards. 1966.