The Slate Belt is a geographic region in Northampton County, Pennsylvania that is typically described as including Bangor, Wind Gap, Pen Argyl, and Portland.[1] The region is named for the historical prevalence of slate quarrying in the area.
Geography
editThe Slate Belt lies between the Appalachian Trail in Wind Gap and the Delaware River in Portland, Pennsylvania.[2]
Bangor, Wind Gap, Pen Argyl, and Portland are the largest communities in the Slate Belt region. Other smaller municipalities in the region include Roseto, East Bangor, Plainfield Township, Upper Mount Bethel, Lower Mount Bethel, and Washington Township.[3]
This definition of the region's boundaries does not align perfectly with the geological boundaries of slate deposits, and is based more on the region of the slate industry and slate production. Geologist Charles H. Behre, in a 1926 report, included a much larger geographic definition of the Slate Belt that extended the southern boundary to the Lehigh River north of Catasauqua.[4]
History
edit19th century
editThe slate industry in the Slate Belt quickly expanded following the arrival of Robert M. Jones, a Welsh immigrant, in 1848. Jones founded Bangor, Pennsylvania and established several slate quarries. The industry continued to expand throughout the 19th century, reaching its peak production in 1903.[5]
At its 19th century peak, the Slate Belt was the world's largest slate-producing region despite its relatively small geographic size, which is 22 square miles.[6]
20th century
editIn the years leading up to World War I, Pennsylvania was responsible for more than half of the slate production in the United States, and the vast majority of it came from Northampton County in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania. More than 40% of national slate production during this period came from Northampton County alone.[7]
The slate industry in the region began declining in the first half of the 20th century. During World War I, many quarry owners closed their quarries to allow workers to contribute to the war effort, especially at nearby Bethlehem Steel in Bethlehem.[8] The increased use of other roofing materials, especially asphalt shingles, resulted in reduced demand for slate. Many quarries also removed all of the easily extractable slate present. A final factor to the industry's decline was the Great Depression, which resulted in greatly reduced home constructions that represented the market for slate roofs. Many quarries in the Slate Belt went out of business during this period.[5]
21st century
editThree slate quarries remain active in the Slate Belt: one each in Bangor, Wind Gap, and Pen Argyl.[5] Slate quarries that have been abandoned remain recreational popular for swimming, despite the dangers associated with them. Several people have drowned while swimming in them.[9][10][11]
Culture
editSlate-board quoits, which originating with Slate Belt miners in the 1930s, remain popular in the Lehigh Valley and Northeastern regions of Pennsylvania.[12]
References
edit- ^ lehighvalleylive.com, Saed Hindash | For (2018-08-28). "Then and now: See how the Slate Belt has changed over the years". lehighvalleylive. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ^ "Traditional Small Towns of the Slate Belt - Northampton County, PA | Scenic Wild Delaware River". scenicwilddelawareriver.com. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ^ "MUNICIPALITIES". slatebeltcog. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ^ Behre, Jr., Charles H. (August–September 1926). "Observations on Structures in the Slates of Northampton County, Pennsylvania". The Journal of Geology. XXXIV (6): 481–483 – via The University of Chicago Press Journals.
- ^ a b c "In Pursuit of the Quarry: Pennsylvania's Slate Belt | Pennsylvania Center for the Book". pabook.libraries.psu.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ^ "Pit and Quarry: The Cement and Slate Industries of Lehigh Valley | Weitzman". www.design.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ^ Dale, T. Nelson (1914). "Slate In The United States" (PDF). United States Geological Survey Bulletin (586): 199–202 – via USGS Publication Warehouse.
- ^ "Slate Industry Historical Marker". explorepahistory.com. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ^ "Tresspassing citations handed out while police investigate quarry death". WFMZ.com. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ^ NJ.com, Jeff Goldman | NJ Advance Media for (2016-07-18). "N.J. man, 20, dies while swimming at quarry, report says". nj. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ^ "Death of 1 who jumped off cliff into quarry ruled accidental". AP NEWS. 2019-07-29. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ^ "The Quoit Factory | NAZARETH PA | quoitfactory.com". The Quoit Factory. Retrieved 2023-03-25.