The Slovenian border barrier was a border barrier constructed by Slovenia in 2015–2016 on its border with Croatia as a response to the European migrant crisis. Both Slovenia and Croatia are European Union members, therefore the barrier was located on an internal EU border; but previously only Slovenia was a member of the free travel Schengen Area, with Croatia joining the area in 2023. In March 2016, Slovenia announced that only migrants who apply for asylum in Slovenia and those with clear humanitarian needs will be allowed to enter Slovenian territory.[1]
History
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The 643 km border between Slovenia and Croatia formed the southeastern border of the Schengen Area, the passport-free zone shared by members states of the European Union. Hundreds of thousands of migrants have attempted to enter the Schengen Area in 2015, with over 171,000 of refugees of the wars in Afghanistan and Syria crossing into Slovenia from Croatia since Hungary closed its border on 16 October 2015.[2][3]
In November 2015, Slovenia started construction of the barrier consisting of razor wire. The stated aim of the barrier was to control the flow of refugees and migrants while keeping the border open.[3] This move could potentially divert the flow of immigrants to cross into the Schengen Area through Albania and Italy.[2]
In March 2016, Slovenia barred migrants from transiting through its territory[4] and announced that only migrants who apply for asylum in Slovenia and those with clear humanitarian needs will be allowed to enter Slovenian territory. In reaction, Serbia announced closure of its borders with Macedonia and Bulgaria to migrants without valid documents.[1]
As of January 1, 2023, all land borders and barriers dividing Croatia and Slovenia have been removed due to Croatia's accession to Schengen Area.
Environmental impact
editCroatia complained to the EU that the Slovenian fence is an obstacle for migration of wildlife such as deer and that "Slovenia is violating European legislation on the conservation of natural habitats and the environment".[5] The razor-wire fence laid by Slovenia in December 2015 on the border with western Croatian regions of Istria and Gorski kotar endangers the habitat of the wolf and the brown bear, both of which are protected by law in Croatia. Local hunters have found deer killed by the fence.[6] The WWF and the inhabitants of the regions from both sides of the border have protested against the decision to put up the razor-wire fence.[6][7][8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Migrant crisis: Slovenia moves to 'shut down' Balkans route". BBC News. 9 March 2016.
- ^ a b Surk, Barbara (11 November 2015). "Slovenia Starts Building Border Fence to Stem Flow of Migrants". New York Times. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
- ^ a b "Slovenia starts building fence to control flow of refugees". The Guardian. 11 November 2015.
- ^ Migrant crisis: Macedonia shuts Balkans route. BBC News. Published on 9 March 2016.
- ^ Croatia protests Slovenian border fence that kills animals. AP. 18 December 2015.
- ^ a b Yahoo News (18 December 2015). "Slovenia's fence on Croatia border threatening wildlife: WWF". AFP. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
- ^ Croatia (19 December 2015). "Istrians protest against razor wire fence on Croatia-Slovenia border". Hina. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
- ^ Croatia (7 January 2016). "Protest rally against razor fence at Slovenian-Croatian border crossing". Hina. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016.