Smoking in Latvia is common, with a rate higher than the OECD average, and Latvian men are among the heaviest smokers in the European Union. One in four Latvians smoke, as compared to one in five in the rest of the European Union. While the overall smoking rate in Latvia has decreased in recent years, it is considered a significant factor in the country's significant health challenges, particularly with regard to preventable diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.[1]
Smoking rates by demographic
edit22.6% of Latvians smoke regularly. It's a decrease from a rate of one in three in 2000, but the national rate is still considerably higher than the international average.[2]
Men and women
editSmoking is particularly common among adult men; more than half smoke regularly, one of the highest rates in the OECD. The rate tracks the OECD average at about one in five.[3] However, smoking rates overall have decreased considerably in recent years, due in part to a range of policies aimed at reducing the smoking rate in recent years, including taxation, tobacco labelling, public health campaigns, a ban on tobacco advertising, and a ban on smoking in most public places.[4]
Young people
editLatvia has a higher prevalence of smoking tobacco in children than many other European countries.[5] The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in 2011 found that 40.5% of children in grades 7 through 9 reported current tobacco use, while 31.5% were smoking cigarettes.[6] However, the percentage of children smoking tobacco decreased. A World Health Organization Global Youth Tobacco Survey found that, between 2011-2014 among boys aged 13 to 15, the use of tobacco products fell from 39.4% to 25.3%. Among girls of the same ages, use went down from 41.4% 23.9%.[3]
Smoking regulations
editCurrently, Latvia upholds the smoking standards set by the World Health Organization by following the FCTC MPOWER tobacco control methods.[6] These measures include monitoring tobacco usage, protecting the public from passive smoking, offering the means to quit smoking, warning the public of the associated dangers, enforcing bans and regulations, and raising taxes on tobacco products.[6] Multiple laws have been implemented in the last 20 years with these measures in mind that aim to address the dangers of smoking tobacco on an individual's health along with the health of those around them. Many of these regulations resulted from the 56th World Health Assembly, in 2003, after which Latvia adopted the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC).[6][7] In 1995, the advertisement of tobacco products on radio and on television was prohibited.[8] Four years later, the advertisement of tobacco products was only allowed in certain publications that were intended for tobacco merchants and producers, and packaging of tobacco products was required to adhere to certain images and to contain at least two warnings against the dangers of smoking tobacco.[9] By 2005, it was entirely prohibited to smoke in schools and smoking in hospitals, restaurants, correctional facilities, workplaces, casinos, hotels, and other public spaces was prohibited unless within a designated smoking area.[9] As of 2010, it is illegal to sell any smokeless tobacco products and to manufacture or sell cigarettes that exceed 1 mg of nicotine, and health warnings are required to cover approximately half of the surface area of all cigarette packs.[9][10] In 2013, Latvia passed a by-law on the State Commission on Restriction of Smoking. This state institution was given the task of ensuring the citizens' rights to smoke-free air, by coordinating and submitting proposals on smoking prevention programs and tobacco product requirements.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ OECD reviews of public health : Latvia: a healthier tomorrow. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris. 2020. ISBN 978-92-64-61964-7. OCLC 1245586411.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ OECD Economic Surveys : Latvia 2022. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. [S.l.]: OECD Publishing. 2022. ISBN 978-92-64-90175-9. OCLC 1311090021.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Latvia 2016. OECD Publishing. 2016.
- ^ OECD reviews of public health : Latvia: a healthier tomorrow. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Paris. 2020. ISBN 978-92-64-61964-7. OCLC 1245586411.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2017" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2012.
- ^ a b c d Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia (2011). "Latvia 2011 Country Report Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS)" (PDF). Slimibu profilakses un kontroles centrs. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
- ^ "WHO | WHO global report: mortality attributable to tobacco". WHO. Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved 2018-11-19.
- ^ "Radio and Television Law of 1995" (PDF). Tobacco Control Laws. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
- ^ a b c "On Restrictions Regarding Sale, Advertising, and Use of Tobacco Products" (PDF). Untobaccocontrol. 2010. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "Latvia | Tobacco Labelling Regulations". www.tobaccolabels.ca. Retrieved 2018-11-19.
- ^ Cabinet of Ministers (August 27, 2013). "By-Law on the State Commission on Restriction of Smoking" (PDF). tobaccocontrollaws. Retrieved November 19, 2018.