Smolenski or Smoleński (Polish feminine: Smoleńska; plural: Smoleńscy) is a surname. Notable people with this surname include:
- Anna Smoleńska (1920–1943), Polish WWII resistance member
- Dionizy Smoleński (1902–1984), Polish scientist
- Don Smolenski, American businessman
- John Smolenski (historian) (born 1973), American historian
- John Smolenski (Brooklyn) (1891–1953), American politician
- Józef Smoleński (1894–1978), Polish general
- Martin Smolenski (born 2003), Bulgarian footballer
- Piotr Smoleński (died 1942), Polish cryptologist
- Tadeusz Samuel Smoleński (1884–1909), Polish Egyptologist
- Władysław Smoleński (1851–1926), Polish historian