Sodium ascorbate

Sodium l-ascorbate^[1]
Names
	IUPAC name Sodium (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-olate
	Other names Sodascorbate; Monosodium ascorbate; E301
Identifiers
CAS Number	134-03-2 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:113451 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL591665 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.661
EC Number	205-126-1;
E number	E301 (antioxidants, ...)
KEGG	D05853 ;
PubChem CID	23667548;
RTECS number	CI7671000;
UNII	S033EH8359 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0020105 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H8O6.Na/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5;/h2,5,7-10H, 1H2;/q;+1/p-1/t2-,5+;/m0./s1;
	SMILES OC1=C([O-])[C@]([C@@H](O)CO)([H])OC1=O.[Na+];
Properties
Chemical formula	C6H7NaO6
Molar mass	198.106 g·mol−1
Appearance	minute white to yellow crystals
Odor	odorless
Density	1.66 g/cm3
Melting point	218 °C (424 °F; 491 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	62 g/100 mL (25 °C) ; 78 g/100 mL (75 °C)
Solubility	very slightly soluble in alcohol ; insoluble in chloroform, ether
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 0 0
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Sodium ascorbate is one of a number of mineral salts of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The molecular formula of this chemical compound is C₆H₇NaO₆. As the sodium salt of ascorbic acid, it is known as a mineral ascorbate. It has not been demonstrated to be more bioavailable than any other form of vitamin C supplement.^[2]

Sodium ascorbate normally provides 131 mg of sodium per 1,000 mg of ascorbic acid (1,000 mg of sodium ascorbate contains 889 mg of ascorbic acid and 111 mg of sodium).

As a food additive, it has the E number E301 and is used as an antioxidant and an acidity regulator. It is approved for use as a food additive in the EU,^[3] USA,^[4] Australia, and New Zealand.^[5]

In in vitro studies, sodium ascorbate has been found to produce cytotoxic effects in various malignant cell lines, which include melanoma cells that are particularly susceptible.^[6]^[7]

Production

Sodium ascorbate is produced by dissolving ascorbic acid in water and adding an equivalent amount of sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate in water. After cessation of effervescence, the sodium ascorbate is precipitated by the addition of isopropanol.

References

^ (+)-Sodium L-ascorbate at Sigma-Aldrich
^ Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University: "Bioavailability of Different Forms of Vitamin C". Retrieved 2013-09-27.
^ UK Food Standards Agency: "Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers". Retrieved 2011-10-27.
^ US Food and Drug Administration: "Listing of Food Additives Status Part II". Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
^ Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code"Standard 1.2.4 - Labelling of ingredients". 8 September 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
^ Chen Q, Espey MG, Krishna MC, Mitchell JB, Corpe CP, Buettner GR, Shacter E, Levine M (September 2005). "Pharmacologic ascorbic acid concentrations selectively kill cancer cells: Action as a pro-drug to deliver hydrogen peroxide to tissues". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 102 (38): 13604–9. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10213604C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0506390102. PMC 1224653. PMID 16157892.
^ Kang JS, Cho D, Kim YI, Hahm E, Kim YS, Jin SN, Kim HN, Kim D, Hur D, Park H, Hwang YI, Lee WJ (July 2005). "Sodium ascorbate (vitamin C) induces apoptosis in melanoma cells via the down-regulation of transferrin receptor dependent iron uptake". J. Cell. Physiol. 204 (1): 192–7. doi:10.1002/jcp.20286. PMID 15672419. S2CID 28597142.

External links

The Bioavailability of Different Forms of Vitamin C

[1] (+)-Sodium L-ascorbate at Sigma-Aldrich

[2] Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University: "Bioavailability of Different Forms of Vitamin C". Retrieved 2013-09-27.

[3] UK Food Standards Agency: "Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers". Retrieved 2011-10-27.

[4] US Food and Drug Administration: "Listing of Food Additives Status Part II". Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 2011-10-27.

[5] Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code"Standard 1.2.4 - Labelling of ingredients". 8 September 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-27.

[6] Chen Q, Espey MG, Krishna MC, Mitchell JB, Corpe CP, Buettner GR, Shacter E, Levine M (September 2005). "Pharmacologic ascorbic acid concentrations selectively kill cancer cells: Action as a pro-drug to deliver hydrogen peroxide to tissues". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 102 (38): 13604–9. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10213604C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0506390102. PMC 1224653. PMID 16157892.

[7] Kang JS, Cho D, Kim YI, Hahm E, Kim YS, Jin SN, Kim HN, Kim D, Hur D, Park H, Hwang YI, Lee WJ (July 2005). "Sodium ascorbate (vitamin C) induces apoptosis in melanoma cells via the down-regulation of transferrin receptor dependent iron uptake". J. Cell. Physiol. 204 (1): 192–7. doi:10.1002/jcp.20286. PMID 15672419. S2CID 28597142.

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