Sōja (総社) is a type of Shinto shrine where the kami of a region are grouped together into a single sanctuary. This "region" may refer to a shōen, village or geographic area, but is more generally referred to as a whole province. The term is also occasionally called "sōsha". The sōja are usually located near the provincial capital established in the Nara period under then ritsuryō system, and can either be a newly created shrine, or a designation for an existing shrine. The "sōja" can also be the "ichinomiya" of the province, which themselves are of great ritual importance.[1]
Whenever a new kokushi was appointed by the central government to govern a province, it was necessary for him to visit all of the sanctuaries of his province in order to complete the rites necessary for ceremonial inauguration. Grouping the kami into one location near the capital of the province greatly facilitated this duty,[2]
The first mention of "sōja" appeared in the Heian period, in the diary of Taira no Tokinori, dated March 9, 1099 in reference to the province of Inaba. [3]
The name "Sōja" is also found in place names such as the city of Sōja in Okayama Prefecture.
Rokusho shrine (six place) is a very common Soja shrine name[3].: 601
Provincial Soja Shrines
editRegional Soja Shrines
editRegional Soja Shrines are Soja shrines dedicated to a specific region rather than a whole province. These include
- Akasaka Uenoyama Shrine
- Unakoro Waki Shrine
- Ono Shrine (Ritto City)
- Ogami Shrine (Tonami City)
- Kainan Shrine
- Katsushika Shrine
- Katsube Shrine
- Mukuhashi Shrine
- Kotai Jingu (Fujisawa City)
- Gosho Shrine (Sammu City)
- Sakata Shinmei Shrine
- Shinkai Sansha Shrine
- Sazama Shrine (Daito City)
- Kenda Suga Shrine
- Tachibana Shrine (Kawasaki City)
- Torakashi Shrine
- Nagao Shrine
- Nanba Shrine (may have historically been a provincial one)
- Arayaza Amaterasu Mitama Shrine
- Nogi Shrine
- Hotaka Shrine
- Washinomiya Shrine
See also
editNotes
editReferences
edit- ^ Herbert, Jean (2011). Shinto:At the Fountain-head of Japan. Routledge. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-415-59348-9.
- ^ Bocking, Brian (2016). A Popular Dictionary of Shinto. Routledge. ISBN 978-1138979079.
- ^ a b Hardacre, Helen (2016). Shinto: A History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190621711.
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