Solar eclipse of October 3, 2005

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Monday, October 3, 2005,[1][2][3] with a magnitude of 0.958. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 4.75 days after apogee (on September 28, 2005, at 16:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[4]

Solar eclipse of October 3, 2005
Annular from Madrid, Spain
Map
Type of eclipse
NatureAnnular
Gamma0.3306
Magnitude0.9576
Maximum eclipse
Duration272 s (4 min 32 s)
Coordinates12°54′N 28°42′E / 12.9°N 28.7°E / 12.9; 28.7
Max. width of band162 km (101 mi)
Times (UTC)
(P1) Partial begin3:53:56
(U1) Total begin18:40:59
Greatest eclipse10:32:47
(U4) Total end1:22:35
(P4) Partial end24:27:52
References
Saros134 (43 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000)9520

Annularity was visible from a narrow corridor through Portugal, Spain, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. A partial eclipse was seen from the much broader path of the Moon's penumbra, including most of Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. Another solar eclipse in Africa occurred just 6 months later.

Visibility

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The path of the eclipse began in the North Atlantic ocean at 08:41 universal time (UT). The antumbra reached Madrid, Spain at 08:56 UT, lasting four minutes and eleven seconds and 90% of the Sun was covered by the Moon. The antumbra reached Algiers at 09:05 UT, then passed through Tunisia and Libya before heading southeast through Sudan, Kenya and Somalia. The shadow then moved out over the Indian Ocean until it terminated at sunset, 12:22 UT.[5]

The maximum eclipse duration occurred in central Sudan at 10:31:42 UT, where it lasted for 4m 31s when the Sun was 71° above the horizon.[5]

The motion of the shadow was supersonic and it generated gravity waves that were detectable as disturbances in the ionosphere. These gravity waves originate in the thermosphere at an altitude of about 180 km. Because of the obscuration of solar radiation, the ionization level dropped by 70% during the eclipse.[6][7] The eclipse caused a 1–1.4 K drop in the temperature of the ionosphere.[8]

Images

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Eclipse details

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Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[9]

October 3, 2005 Solar Eclipse Times
Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 2005 October 03 at 07:36:39.6 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 2005 October 03 at 08:42:04.1 UTC
First Central Line 2005 October 03 at 08:44:06.1 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 2005 October 03 at 08:46:08.3 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 2005 October 03 at 10:00:20.1 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 2005 October 03 at 10:11:46.9 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 2005 October 03 at 10:28:57.3 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 2005 October 03 at 10:32:47.3 UTC
Greatest Duration 2005 October 03 at 10:38:04.7 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 2005 October 03 at 11:05:45.4 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 2005 October 03 at 12:19:41.4 UTC
Last Central Line 2005 October 03 at 12:21:40.9 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 2005 October 03 at 12:23:40.2 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 2005 October 03 at 13:28:57.9 UTC
October 3, 2005 Solar Eclipse Parameters
Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.95759
Eclipse Obscuration 0.91698
Gamma 0.33058
Sun Right Ascension 12h37m55.0s
Sun Declination -04°05'04.2"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'59.1"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.8"
Moon Right Ascension 12h38m30.3s
Moon Declination -03°49'04.7"
Moon Semi-Diameter 15'05.2"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°55'22.1"
ΔT 64.8 s

Eclipse season

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This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of October 2005
October 3
Descending node (new moon)
October 17
Ascending node (full moon)
   
Annular solar eclipse
Solar Saros 134
Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 146
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Eclipses in 2005

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Metonic

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Tzolkinex

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Half-Saros

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Tritos

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Solar Saros 134

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Inex

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Triad

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Solar eclipses of 2004–2007

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This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[10]

Solar eclipse series sets from 2004 to 2007
Ascending node   Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
119 April 19, 2004
 
Partial
−1.13345 124 October 14, 2004
 
Partial
1.03481
129
 
Partial in Naiguatá, Venezuela
April 8, 2005
 
Hybrid
−0.34733 134
 
Annularity in Madrid, Spain
October 3, 2005
 
Annular
0.33058
139
 
Totality in Side, Turkey
March 29, 2006
 
Total
0.38433 144
 
Partial in São Paulo, Brazil
September 22, 2006
 
Annular
−0.40624
149
 
Partial in Jaipur, India
March 19, 2007
 
Partial
1.07277 154
 
Partial in Córdoba, Argentina
September 11, 2007
 
Partial
−1.12552

Saros 134

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This eclipse is a part of Saros series 134, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on June 22, 1248. It contains total eclipses from October 9, 1428 through December 24, 1554; hybrid eclipses from January 3, 1573 through June 27, 1843; and annular eclipses from July 8, 1861 through May 21, 2384. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on August 6, 2510. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 11 at 1 minutes, 30 seconds on October 9, 1428, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 52 at 10 minutes, 55 seconds on January 10, 2168. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[11]

Series members 32–53 occur between 1801 and 2200:
32 33 34
 
June 6, 1807
 
June 16, 1825
 
June 27, 1843
35 36 37
 
July 8, 1861
 
July 19, 1879
 
July 29, 1897
38 39 40
 
August 10, 1915
 
August 21, 1933
 
September 1, 1951
41 42 43
 
September 11, 1969
 
September 23, 1987
 
October 3, 2005
44 45 46
 
October 14, 2023
 
October 25, 2041
 
November 5, 2059
47 48 49
 
November 15, 2077
 
November 27, 2095
 
December 8, 2113
50 51 52
 
December 19, 2131
 
December 30, 2149
 
January 10, 2168
53
 
January 20, 2186

Metonic series

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The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

21 eclipse events between July 22, 1971 and July 22, 2047
July 22 May 9–11 February 26–27 December 14–15 October 2–3
116 118 120 122 124
 
July 22, 1971
 
May 11, 1975
 
February 26, 1979
 
December 15, 1982
 
October 3, 1986
126 128 130 132 134
 
July 22, 1990
 
May 10, 1994
 
February 26, 1998
 
December 14, 2001
 
October 3, 2005
136 138 140 142 144
 
July 22, 2009
 
May 10, 2013
 
February 26, 2017
 
December 14, 2020
 
October 2, 2024
146 148 150 152 154
 
July 22, 2028
 
May 9, 2032
 
February 27, 2036
 
December 15, 2039
 
October 3, 2043
156
 
July 22, 2047

Tritos series

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This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
April 14, 1809
(Saros 116)
 
March 14, 1820
(Saros 117)
 
February 12, 1831
(Saros 118)
 
January 11, 1842
(Saros 119)
 
December 11, 1852
(Saros 120)
 
November 11, 1863
(Saros 121)
 
October 10, 1874
(Saros 122)
 
September 8, 1885
(Saros 123)
 
August 9, 1896
(Saros 124)
 
July 10, 1907
(Saros 125)
 
June 8, 1918
(Saros 126)
 
May 9, 1929
(Saros 127)
 
April 7, 1940
(Saros 128)
 
March 7, 1951
(Saros 129)
 
February 5, 1962
(Saros 130)
 
January 4, 1973
(Saros 131)
 
December 4, 1983
(Saros 132)
 
November 3, 1994
(Saros 133)
 
October 3, 2005
(Saros 134)
 
September 1, 2016
(Saros 135)
 
August 2, 2027
(Saros 136)
 
July 2, 2038
(Saros 137)
 
May 31, 2049
(Saros 138)
 
April 30, 2060
(Saros 139)
 
March 31, 2071
(Saros 140)
 
February 27, 2082
(Saros 141)
 
January 27, 2093
(Saros 142)
 
December 29, 2103
(Saros 143)
 
November 27, 2114
(Saros 144)
 
October 26, 2125
(Saros 145)
 
September 26, 2136
(Saros 146)
 
August 26, 2147
(Saros 147)
 
July 25, 2158
(Saros 148)
 
June 25, 2169
(Saros 149)
 
May 24, 2180
(Saros 150)
 
April 23, 2191
(Saros 151)

Inex series

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This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
 
February 21, 1803
(Saros 127)
 
February 1, 1832
(Saros 128)
 
January 11, 1861
(Saros 129)
 
December 22, 1889
(Saros 130)
 
December 3, 1918
(Saros 131)
 
November 12, 1947
(Saros 132)
 
October 23, 1976
(Saros 133)
 
October 3, 2005
(Saros 134)
 
September 12, 2034
(Saros 135)
 
August 24, 2063
(Saros 136)
 
August 3, 2092
(Saros 137)
 
July 14, 2121
(Saros 138)
 
June 25, 2150
(Saros 139)
 
June 5, 2179
(Saros 140)

Notes

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  1. ^ "October 3, 2005 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  2. ^ "From Portugal to Burundi: Thousands gather to catch glimpse of annular eclipse". The Vincennes Sun-Commercial. 2005-10-04. p. 14. Retrieved 2023-10-25 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "Rare solar eclipse gives Spain, parts of Africa a dazzling view". Arizona Daily Star. 2005-10-04. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-10-25 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  5. ^ a b Espenak, Fred. "Annular Solar Eclipse of 2005 October 03". NASA/GSFC. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
  6. ^ Jakowski, N.; et al. (April 2008). "Ionospheric behavior over Europe during the solar eclipse of 3 October 2005". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 70 (6): 836–853. Bibcode:2008JASTP..70..836J. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.02.016.
  7. ^ Šauli, P.; et al. (December 2007). "Acoustic–gravity waves during solar eclipses: Detection and characterization using wavelet transforms" (PDF). Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 69 (17–18): 2465–2484. Bibcode:2007JASTP..69.2465S. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.06.012. S2CID 54722046.
  8. ^ Burmaka, V. P.; et al. (2007). "Tropospheric-ionospheric effects of the 3 October 2005 partial solar eclipse in Kharkiv". Kosmichna Nauka I Tekhnologiya. 13 (6): 74–86. Bibcode:2007KosNT..13f..74B. doi:10.15407/knit2007.06.074.
  9. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 2005 Oct 03". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  10. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  11. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 134". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

References

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Photos: