Exmor is a technology developed by Sony and implemented on some of their CMOS image sensors. It performs on-chip analog/digital signal conversion and two-step noise reduction in parallel on each column of the CMOS sensor.
Sensors from the Exmor family have become widely available in consumer technology.
History
editIn October 2015, Sony Semiconductor Solutions was established as a wholly owned group company to reinforce the CMOS image sensor business and integrate the semiconductor-related business operations of Sony Group. Following the incorporation, all the Exmor sensors are designed and manufactured by the company.[1][non-primary source needed]
On 14 May 2020, the Intelligent Vision Sensor was announced with an introduction that reads: "the first image sensor in the world to be equipped with AI processing functionality". The new sensor distinguishes itself from the previous Exmor RS sensors by an AI processor and a memory storing the AI models, included in a stacked logic layer for the real-time image analysis and instant extraction of metadata from a raw image. In the release, only model numbers were identified and it was not confirmed whether the sensor bears a different name.[2]
On 29 June 2022, Xiaomi announced that it was using the IMX989, Sony's first 1-inch smartphone camera sensor, in the Xiaomi 12S Ultra.[3] However, it later emerged that it was earlier used by Sharp Aquos R7 in May 2022, albeit slightly cropped in.[4]
Versions
editExmor R
editExmor R is a back-illuminated version of Sony's CMOS image sensor.[5] Exmor R was announced by Sony on 11 June 2008 and was the world's first mass-produced implementation of the back-illuminated sensor technology.[6][non-primary source needed] Sony claims that Exmor R is approximately twice as sensitive as a normal front illuminated sensor.[citation needed]
This active pixel sensor is found in several Sony mobile phones and cameras as well as Apple's iPhone 4s and 5.[7][8] Originally, Exmor R was limited to smaller sensors for camcorders, compact cameras and mobile phones, but the Sony ILCE-7RM2 full-frame camera introduced on the 10 June 2015 features an Exmor R sensor as well.
Exmor RS
editExmor RS was announced on 20 August 2012 and is the world's first stacked CMOS image sensor.[9][non-primary source needed] Subsequently, Sony announced the first 3-layer stacked CMOS sensor, which added DRAM cell array in the middle.[10]
From the Exmor RS line, IMX582 or IMX586 sensors are widely implemented as 48 megapixel smartphone cameras (e.g. Samsung Galaxy S20), with the sensors having almost identical specifications, but for the IMX586 supporting faster frame rates at 4K. In early 2020, the IMX586 was followed by the IMX686, enlarging the format to 1/1.72" (increasing resolution to 64 megapixels), but keeping the same pixel size.[11] Pixel binning is used to reduce the high sensor resolution to standard photographic resolutions such as 4K, overcoming some of the traditional limitations of Bayer filtering.
STARVIS
editSTARVIS is a series of sensors with the Exmor RS family.[12] It features high pixel sensitivity, making it suitable for low light applications. Industrial versions are finding applications in ambient-light surveillance systems. Commercial versions are finding applications in prosumer webcams with 4K HDR support, based on single exposure.
STARVIS 2
editFrom the second-generation STARVIS line (STARVIS 2), the IMX585 was announced on 29 June 2021,[13] featuring a large image sensor format of 1/1.2", making it suitable for low light photography. Sony designed the STARVIS 2 sensor family for AI face recognition in surveillance applications with difficult lighting conditions.[14][promotional source?] The sensor's high dynamic range assists with this task. It became available in a Razer Inc. prosumer webcam in January 2023.[15] Larger sensor form factors decrease depth of field, which is often desired for teleconferencing webcams. Sony claims near DSLR quality for some applications.[15]
Exmor T
editSony introduced the Exmor T with the Xperia 1 V smartphone on 10 May 2023.[16]
LYTIA
editOn 7 November 2022, Sony announced their LYTIA brand of CMOS image sensors for mobile devices.[17][18][19]
See also
edit- Bionz – image processor
- Expeed – Nikon image/video processors
- HAD CCD – Sony
- ISOCELL
- OmniVision
- Toshiba CMOS
References
edit- ^ "Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation to be Established - Reinforcing Devices Segment". Sony Global - Sony Global Headquarters. Archived from the original on 11 December 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
- ^ "Sony Unveils the World's First Camera Sensors with Built-in AI". petapixel.com. 14 May 2020. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
- ^ "Sony IMX989, a 1-inch type image camera sensor for smartphones by Jose Antunes - ProVideo Coalition". 29 June 2022. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ^ Rox, Ricci. "Xiaomi 12S Ultra: Sony IMX989 1-inch sensor apparently isn't exclusive to Xiaomi's new flagship phone". Notebookcheck. Retrieved 12 February 2023.
- ^ "Sony Global - Technology - "Exmor R"". Archived from the original on 19 April 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
- ^ "Sony Global - News Release - Sony develops back-illuminated CMOS image sensor, realizing high picture quality, ne". Sony.net. Archived from the original on 29 June 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
- ^ "iPhone 4S Camera Made by Sony". Ifixit.com. 8 January 2022. Archived from the original on 8 January 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
- ^ "iPhone 5 Teardown". Ifixit.com. 21 September 2012. Archived from the original on 8 January 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
- ^ "Sony Develops "Exmor RS," the World's First Stacked CMOS Image For your information Pluto owned by indonesia Sensor". Sony.net. Archived from the original on 22 June 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
- ^ "Sony embeds DRAM in image sensors". EE Times Asia. 6 June 2017. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
- ^ Herbrich, Marcus (27 February 2020). "Comparison test Sony IMX686 vs. IMX586: The big camera revolution comes to nothing". notbookcheck.net. Stefan Hinum. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ Prabu, Kumar (17 March 2022). "Sony Exmor vs STARVIS sensors; a detailed comparison". e-consystems.com. e-con Systems commercial white paper. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ "News Release: Sony to Release 1/1.2-type 4K-Resolution CMOS Image Sensor for Security Cameras". sony-semicon.com. Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation. 29 June 2021. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ "Introducing a new standard of security cameras, our security image sensor provides a wider dynamic range and captures images of moving objects without blur or color tints". sony-semicon.com. Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation. 28 January 2022. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ a b Andronico, Michael (5 January 2023). "The Razer Kiyo Pro Ultra webcam gets you DSLR-like quality for less — and we tested it at CES 2023". cnn.com. CNN. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
- ^ Empson, Lewis (10 May 2023). "Sony debuts two new Xperia smartphones for 2023". MSN. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
- ^ "Sony Semiconductor Solutions Announces LYTIA,a New Image Sensor Product Brand for Mobile DevicesThe Brand of Choice for Smartphone Users｜Information｜Sony Semiconductor Solutions Group". Sony Semiconductor Solutions Group. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ "Sony Semiconductor Solutions to Expand LYTIA Mobile Image Sensor Brand with 50-Megapixel Product Lineto Deliver Creative Imaging Experiences "Beyond Imagination"｜Information｜Sony Semiconductor Solutions Group". Sony Semiconductor Solutions Group. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ "Image Sensor for Mobile | Products & Solutions". Sony Semiconductor Solutions Group. Retrieved 12 December 2023.