South African Class 8Y 2-8-0

This article is about one of several different Cape Government Railways locomotive types to be designated "8th Class". For the others, see Cape Government Railways 8th Class locomotives.

The South African Railways Class 8Y 2-8-0 of 1903 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.

CGR 8th Class 2-8-0 1903 South African Class 8Y 2-8-0
CGR 8th Class no. 820, SAR Class 8Y no. 899
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Cape Government Railways (H.M. Beatty) Builder Kitson and Company Serial number 4198-4201 Model CGR 8th Class (2-8-0) Build date 1903 Total produced 4
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 2-8-0 (Consolidation)  • UIC 1'Dn2 Driver 3rd coupled axle Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge Leading dia. 28+1⁄2 in (724 mm) Coupled dia. 48 in (1,219 mm) Tender wheels 33+1⁄2 in (851 mm) as built 34 in (864 mm) retyred Wheelbase 46 ft 10+1⁄2 in (14,288 mm) ​  • Axle spacing (Asymmetrical) 1-2: 4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm) 2-3: 4 ft 3 in (1,295 mm) 3-4: 5 ft 8 in (1,727 mm)  • Engine 21 ft 8 in (6,604 mm)  • Coupled 14 ft 6 in (4,420 mm)  • Tender 14 ft 7 in (4,445 mm)  • Tender bogie 4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm) Length: ​  • Over couplers 54 ft 9 in (16,688 mm) Height 12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm) Frame type Bar Axle load 12 LT 8 cwt (12,600 kg) ​  • Leading 6 LT 8 cwt (6,503 kg)  • Coupled 12 LT 8 cwt (12,600 kg) Adhesive weight 49 LT 12 cwt (50,400 kg) Loco weight 56 LT (56,900 kg) Tender type XE1 (2-axle bogies) Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 9 LT (9.1 t) Water cap. 2,855 imp gal (13,000 L) Firebox: ​  • Type Round-top  • Grate area 30.9 sq ft (2.87 m2) Boiler: ​  • Pitch 7 ft 3 in (2,210 mm)  • Diameter 4 ft 10+3⁄4 in (1,492 mm)  • Tube plates 12 ft 7+3⁄8 in (3,845 mm)  • Small tubes 196: 2 in (51 mm) Boiler pressure 180 psi (1,241 kPa) Safety valve Ramsbottom Heating surface: ​  • Firebox 105 sq ft (9.8 m2)  • Tubes 1,311.5 sq ft (121.84 m2)  • Total surface 1,416.5 sq ft (131.60 m2) Cylinders Two Cylinder size 18+1⁄2 in (470 mm) bore 24 in (610 mm) stroke Valve gear Stephenson Valve type Slide Couplers Johnston link-and-pin AAR knuckle (1930s)
Performance figures Tractive effort 23,110 lbf (102.8 kN) @ 75%
Career Operators Cape Government Railways South African Railways Class CGR 8th Class (2-8-0) SAR Class 8Y Number in class 4 Numbers CGR 817-820, SAR 896-899 Delivered 1903 First run 1903 Withdrawn 1938
The 2nd & 3rd coupled axles had flangeless wheels

In 1903, the Cape Government Railways placed four more Cape 8th Class 2-8-0 Consolidation type steam locomotives in service. In 1912, when they were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered and designated Class 8Y.

Manufacturer

The first locomotive in the Cape Government Railways (CGR) 2-8-0 Consolidation type 8th Class, later to be designated the South African Railways (SAR) Class 8X, was designed by H.M. Beatty, the CGR’s Chief Locomotive Superintendent from 1896 to 1910. This second batch of four engines was ordered in 1903 from Kitson and Company of Hunslet in Leeds, West Yorkshire. All four were allocated to the CGR’s Western System and numbered in the range from 817 to 820.

H.M. Beatty

They were very similar to the earlier CGR Schenectady- and ALCO-built Consolidations, but with the boiler centre line raised by 2 inches (51 millimetres). Coupled with a shallow firebox, this enabled the firegrate to be extended out sideways over the fourth set of coupled wheels, which resulted in a grate area of 30.9 square feet (2.87 square metres), compared to the 20 square feet (1.9 square metres) of the previous model. These engines also used saturated steam and cylinders with overhead slide valves, actuated by inside Stephenson valve gear.

Class 8 sub-classes

In spite of the difference in wheel arrangement, the CGR grouped its 2-8-0 Consolidation and post-7th Class 4-8-0 Mastodon locomotives together as the 8th Class.

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, Natal Government Railways and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways were only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.

In 1912, these four locomotives were designated Class 8Y on the South African Railways (SAR) and renumbered in the range from 896 to 899. All the CGR 8th Class 2-8-0 and 4-8-0 locomotives, together with the Classes 8-L1 to 8-L3 4-8-0 Mastodon locomotives from the Central South African Railways (CSAR), were grouped into ten different sub-classes by the SAR. The 4-8-0 locomotives became SAR Classes 8 and 8A to 8F and the 2-8-0 locomotives became Classes 8X to 8Z.

Service

In SAR service, the 2-8-0 Class 8Y was used mainly in the Northern Cape until they were withdrawn by 1938.