South African Class MH 2-6-6-2

The South African Railways Class MH 2-6-6-2 of 1915 was an articulated Mallet-design steam locomotive.

South African Class MH 2-6-6-2
SAR Class MH no. 1661, c. 1915
Type and origin Power type Steam Designer South African Railways (D.A. Hendrie) Builder North British Locomotive Company Serial number 20958-20962 Model SAR Class MH Build date 1915 Total produced 5
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 2-6-6-2 (Prairie Mallet)  • UIC (1'C)C1'hv4 Driver 3rd & 6th coupled axles Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge Leading dia. 28+1⁄2 in (724 mm) Coupled dia. 48 in (1,219 mm) Trailing dia. 33+1⁄2 in (851 mm) Tender wheels 34 in (864 mm) Wheelbase 70 ft 10+1⁄4 in (21,596 mm) ​  • Engine 43 ft 7 in (13,284 mm)  • Coupled 8 ft 8 in (2,642 mm) per unit  • Tender 16 ft 9 in (5,105 mm)  • Tender bogie 4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm) Length: ​  • Over couplers 79 ft 5 in (24,206 mm) Height 12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm) Frame type Bar & Plate Axle load 18 LT 4 cwt (18,490 kg) ​  • Leading 7 LT 9 cwt (7,570 kg)  • 1st coupled 16 LT 16 cwt (17,070 kg)  • 2nd coupled 16 LT 19 cwt (17,220 kg)  • 3rd coupled 17 LT 6 cwt (17,580 kg)  • 4th coupled 18 LT 4 cwt (18,490 kg)  • 5th coupled 18 LT 4 cwt (18,490 kg)  • 6th coupled 18 LT 4 cwt (18,490 kg)  • Trailing 15 LT 3 cwt (15,390 kg)  • Tender bogie Bogie 1: 27 LT 10 cwt (27,940 kg) Bogie 2: 23 LT 11 cwt (23,930 kg)  • Tender axle 13 LT 15 cwt (13,970 kg) Adhesive weight 105 LT 13 cwt (107,300 kg) Loco weight 128 LT 5 cwt (130,300 kg) Tender weight 51 LT 1 cwt (51,870 kg) Total weight 179 LT 6 cwt (182,200 kg) Tender type MP1 (2-axle bogies) Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 10 LT (10.2 t) Water cap. 4,250 imp gal (19,300 L) Firebox: ​  • Type Round-top  • Grate area 53 sq ft (4.9 m2) Boiler: ​  • Pitch 7 ft 10+1⁄2 in (2,400 mm)  • Diameter 5 ft 11 in (1,803 mm)  • Tube plates 22 ft (6,706 mm)  • Small tubes 168: 2+1⁄4 in (57 mm)  • Large tubes 25: 5+1⁄2 in (140 mm) Boiler pressure 180 psi (1,241 kPa) Safety valve Ramsbottom Heating surface: ​  • Firebox 250 sq ft (23 m2)  • Tubes 2,961 sq ft (275.1 m2)  • Total surface 3,211 sq ft (298.3 m2) Superheater: ​  • Heating area 634 sq ft (58.9 m2) Cylinders Four High-pressure cylinder 20 in (508 mm) bore 26 in (660 mm) stroke Low-pressure cylinder 31+1⁄2 in (800 mm) bore 26 in (660 mm) stroke Valve gear Walschaerts Valve type HP Piston LP Richardson balanced slide Couplers Johnston link-and-pin AAR knuckle (1930s)
Performance figures Tractive effort 48,370 lbf (215.2 kN) @ 50%
Career Operators South African Railways Class Class MH Number in class 5 Numbers 1661–1665 Delivered 1915 First run 1915 Withdrawn 1940

In 1915, the South African Railways placed five Class MH Mallet articulated compound steam locomotives with a 2-6-6-2 wheel arrangement in coal hauling service.

Manufacturer

During 1914, the requirement for locomotives with a high tractive effort to cope with the increasing volume of coal traffic between Witbank and Germiston led to the introduction of a heavy Mallet compound superheated engine with a 2-6-6-2 wheel arrangement.

D.A. Hendrie

The Class MH Mallet articulated locomotive was designed in detail in the locomotive drawing office in Pretoria under the personal direction of D.A. Hendrie, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the South African Railways (SAR) from 1910 to 1922. The draughtsman, specially detached for the work, was J.R. Boyer who was later to become the Chief Locomotive Draughtsman of the SAR. Five of these very large locomotives were ordered from North British Locomotive Company and delivered in 1915, numbered in the range from 1661 to 1665. They were erected in the Salvokop shops in Pretoria and were placed in service in September 1915.

Characteristics

The main bar frames, 4+1⁄2 inches (114 millimetres) thick, were machined from a 2 ft 2+1⁄2 in (673 mm) wide solid. The hind part of this frame was rigidly secured to the boiler through the high-pressure cylinder saddle castings and terminated just in front of the firebox outer throat plate. From this point rearwards, the frame was of the plate type and arranged to carry the spring gear and other fittings for the trailing Bissel truck.

The locomotives were superheated and had Walschaerts valve gear, controlled by steam reversing gear. The cylinders and steam chests were formed in three separate castings. The high-pressure cylinders were arranged with piston valves, while the low-pressure cylinders were arranged with Richardson balanced type slide valves, arranged above the cylinders. The steam chest covers of the low-pressure cylinders were designed with inclined joint faces to facilitate the handling of the valve and refacing of the ports during servicing.

As built, the boiler pressure was set to blow off at 200 pounds per square inch (1,379 kilopascals), which gave the engine a tractive effort of 53,750 pounds-force (239.1 kilonewtons) at 50% of boiler pressure. The setting was later reduced to 180 pounds per square inch (1,241 kilopascals), which reduced the tractive effort to 48,370 pounds-force (215.2 kilonewtons) at 50% of boiler pressure.

At the time of their introduction, the Class MH was the largest and most powerful locomotive in the world on Cape gauge. It attracted the attention of locomotive engineers throughout the world as an outstanding achievement for locomotive power on 3 feet 6 inches (1,067 millimetres) gauge.

Its 105 long tons 13 hundredweight (107,300 kilograms) adhesive weight and the SAR's ultra-conservative practice of reporting a Mallet's tractive effort at only 50% of boiler pressure resulted in a much lower than actual starting tractive effort of 48,370 pounds-force (215.2 kilonewtons). The Class MH was almost certainly capable of exerting more than 60,000 pounds-force (270 kilonewtons) tractive effort at starting.

Service

They were initially placed in service on the coal line between Witbank and Germiston as intended to supplement the other Mallets already working on that line. In the 1930s they were transferred to Natal to work on the line between Vryheid and Glencoe, also hauling coal. They were outstanding in their performance and remained in Natal for the rest of their service lives until they were all retired and scrapped by 1940.

Illustration

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  Class MH 2-6-6-2 Mallet no. 1661, c. 1915