The space program of Turkey is the space policy implemented by Turkey to further its interests in aerospace.[citation needed] Turkey first began developing its space program in 1993, and it has been under the authority of the Turkish Space Agency since 2018. Turkey has launched several satellites, and its current objective is to send a lander to the Moon by 2026.[3]
.jpg) The Türksat 5A satellite launching from the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. | |
| Program overview | |
|---|---|
| Country |  Turkey |
| Organization | Turkish Space Agency |
| Purpose | Furthering Turkey's interests in aerospace |
| Status | Ongoing |
| Program history | |
| Cost | ₺1.702 billion (2024)[1] |
| Duration | 1993–present |
| First crewed flight | Axiom Mission 3 (18 January 2024, 16:49 EST)[2] |
| Launch site(s) | Baikonur Cosmodrome Cape Canaveral Space Force Station Guiana Space Centre |
| Vehicle information | |
| Launch vehicle(s) | Ariane 4 Falcon 9 Proton-M |
.JPG)
History
editThe space program of Turkey developed as part of the Turkish Science and Technology Policy under the authority of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey in 1993, which designated space technology as one of the primary fields of technology. Prior to that, Turkey became one of the founding members of EUMETSAT as early as 1984.[4][5] The Turkish Air Force was tasked with making recommendations on a national space agency in 2001.[6] Turkey signed a cooperation agreement with ESA in 2004.[7] In 2018, Turkish Space Agency was founded by Presidential decree.[8] The stated objectives of the Turkish Space Agency include development and resource independence through space technology. The Turkish Space Agency also seeks to develop the space program to increase Turkey's influence and recognition on the world stage.[9] Agency currently has agreements with Ukraine, Hungary and Kazakhstan's space programs, and claims to conduct extensive nation-wide assessments regarding membership to ESA since 2020.[10]
In 2021, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced a 10-year plan for Turkey's space program. The primary objective of this plan is to achieve a Moon landing through international cooperation in 2023 to mark Turkey's centennial, followed by an independent Moon landing in 2028. Other objectives include development of new space technologies, establishment of a spaceport, the formation of a Space Technology Department, and sending a Turkish citizen to space on a scientific mission.[11] As part of the Axiom Mission 3, Turkey's first astronaut Alper Gezeravcı was launched from the Florida of the United States on January 19, 2024. Gezeravcı, who spent 14 days in space,[12] performed 13 scientific experiments prepared by academic and research institutions in Turkey on the International Space Station[13] and returned to Turkey on February 12, 2024.[14][15]
Satellites
editThe state owned satellite communications company Türksat began launching a series of Türksat satellites in 1994. The TÜBİTAK Space Technologies Research Institute is responsible for research and development relating to space technology. It has developed multiple Earth observation satellites, including BILSAT-1 in 2003 and RASAT in 2011. Turkey has also developed the Göktürk series of satellites for military use. Other satellite-related projects being developed by the space program of Turkey include the Regional Positioning and Timing System and the Space Launch System.[citation needed]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Presidency of the Republic of Turkey (31 December 2023), 2024 Yılı Merkezi Yönetim Bütçe Kanunu (PDF) (in Turkish), T.C. Resmî Gazete, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2024, retrieved 14 September 2024
- ^ Axiom Mission 3, Axiom Space, 2024, retrieved 14 September 2024
- ^ "Türkiye's 1st spacecraft to travel to Moon in 2026". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
- ^ "Our Space History - Turkish Space Agency". tua.gov.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ^ "EUMETSAT member states | EUMETSAT". www.eumetsat.int. 20 April 2020. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ^ Ercan, Cihan; Kale, İzzet (2017-01-01). "Historical space steps of Turkey: It is high time to establish the Turkish space agency" (PDF). Acta Astronautica. 130: 67–74. Bibcode:2017AcAau.130...67E. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.10.019. ISSN 0094-5765.
- ^ "ESA signs Cooperation Agreement with Turkey". www.esa.int. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ^ "Turkey formally establishes its national Space Agency". Daily Sabah. 13 December 2018. Retrieved 2022-05-13.
- ^ "About the National Space Program". Turkish Space Agency. Retrieved 2022-05-13.
- ^ "International Cooperations - Turkish Space Agency". tua.gov.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-05-09.
- ^ Sahin, Tuba (2021-09-02). "Turkey unveils national space program". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 2022-05-13.
- ^ "Turkey hails its first astronaut to go to International Space Station". euronews. 2024-02-12. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
- ^ "Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı: İlk Türk astronot Alper Gezeravcı uzayda 13 bilimsel deney yapacak". Independent Türkçe (in Turkish). 2024-01-16. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
- ^ bigpara@hurriyet.com.tr (2024-02-12). "Türkiye'nin ilk astronotu Gezeravcı, Türkiye'ye döndü | Teknoloji Haberleri | Bigpara". bigpara.hurriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2024-03-05.
- ^ "First Turkish astronaut arrives in Türkiye - Türkiye News". Hürriyet Daily News. 2024-02-12. Retrieved 2024-03-05.